Buddeberg-Fischer B, Ebeling I, Stamm M
Abteilung Psychosoziale Medizin, UniversitätsSpital Zürich.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2009 Nov;134(48):2451-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1243027. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
Postgraduate education after medical school plays an important role in the career development of young doctors. This study investigated what supporting and obstructing factors help or hinder the of young doctors during their specialty training.
As part of a broader prospective study on determinants of career development of young doctors which had started in 2001, 529 participants were investigated in 2009 regarding the most important career-relevant factors experienced during their specialty training. Content analysis was used to assign the answers given to open questions to inductively defined categories
The 1301 answers given about career-supporting factors and the 1047 answers given about career-hindering factors were assigned to 9 and 12 categories respectively. These categories were divided into internal and external career-relevant factors. Important factors relative to career enhancement were career support by superiors and high achievement motivation, followed by good professional qualifications and beneficial working conditions. The answers given in these four categories accounted for two thirds of all mentioned career supporting factors. Regarding career barriers, the four categories with the highest number of answers were lack of career support, unfavourable work-place conditions, extraprofessional concerns and labour market conditions. Significant gender differences were only be found regarding career-hindering factors: Female doctors mentioned more often mentioned concerns and gender-related barriers, while male doctors more often reported labour market conditions and unfavourable personality traits for influencing career advancement.
Career promotion should be provided in a continuous, structured and institutionalized way to make better use of the potential of well trained doctors. The new generation of doctors should not only advocate better professional conditions but also be aware of barriers within themselves that have an impact on their career development.
医学院校毕业后的研究生教育在年轻医生的职业发展中起着重要作用。本研究调查了在专科培训期间，哪些支持因素和阻碍因素对年轻医生的职业发展起到促进或阻碍作用。
作为一项始于2001年的关于年轻医生职业发展决定因素的更广泛前瞻性研究的一部分，2009年对529名参与者进行了调查，询问他们在专科培训期间经历的最重要的与职业相关的因素。采用内容分析法，将对开放式问题的回答归纳到预先定义的类别中。
关于职业支持因素的1301个回答和关于职业阻碍因素的1047个回答分别被归为9类和12类。这些类别分为与职业相关的内部和外部因素。与职业提升相关的重要因素是上级的职业支持和高成就动机，其次是良好的专业资质和有利的工作条件。这四类回答占所有提及的职业支持因素的三分之二。关于职业障碍，回答数量最多的四类是缺乏职业支持、不利的工作场所条件、职业外的担忧和劳动力市场状况。仅在职业阻碍因素方面发现了显著的性别差异：女医生更常提及担忧和与性别相关的障碍，而男医生更常报告劳动力市场状况和影响职业发展的不利个性特征。
应持续、结构化和制度化地提供职业晋升机会，以更好地发挥训练有素的医生的潜力。新一代医生不仅应倡导更好的职业条件，还应意识到自身内部对其职业发展有影响的障碍。
