Unger Maria, Asplund Lillemor, Haglund Peter, Malmvärn Anna, Arnoldsson Kristina, Gustafsson Orjan
Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Nov 1;43(21):8245-50. doi: 10.1021/es901705r.
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) have recently been found in the Baltic Sea at concentrations 1000 times above that of the chlorinated analogs (PCDDs), yet their sources are undefined. Marine production of organobrominated compounds by sponges is well documented. The objective of the current study was to investigate the potential for an aquatic sponge (Ephydatia fluviatilis), common to the Baltic Sea, to produce PBDDs and other organobromine compounds in the field. Mono- to pentaBDDs as well as several mixed brominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (Br/Cl-DDs), PCDDs and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) were quantified in sponge from the SW Baltic. Concentrations of individual PBDDs in the range 1-80 ng per g extractable organic matter were similar as in blue mussels from the Baltic Sea and about 25 000 times higher than 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time Br/Cl-DDs are reported in biota from a background environment. While this study does not point out sponges as a dominant source, the concentrations of PBDDs in sponge relative to related anthropogenic compounds such as PBDEs and PCDDs as well as the relative abundance of brominated dioxins and furans strengthens the idea of natural production.
多溴代二苯并对二噁英（PBDDs）最近在波罗的海被发现，其浓度比氯化类似物（PCDDs）高出1000倍，但其来源尚不清楚。海绵在海洋中产生有机溴化合物已有充分记录。本研究的目的是调查波罗的海常见的一种水栖海绵（淡水针海绵）在野外产生PBDDs和其他有机溴化合物的可能性。对来自波罗的海西南部的海绵中的一至五溴代二苯并对二噁英以及几种混合溴代/氯代二苯并对二噁英（Br/Cl-DDs）、多氯代二苯并对二噁英（PCDDs）和甲氧基化多溴二苯醚（MeO-PBDEs）进行了定量分析。每克可提取有机物中单个PBDDs的浓度范围为1至80纳克，与波罗的海蓝贻贝中的浓度相似，比2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并对二噁英高出约25000倍。据我们所知，这是首次在背景环境的生物群中报告Br/Cl-DDs。虽然本研究并未指出海绵是主要来源，但海绵中PBDDs相对于多溴二苯醚和多氯代二苯并对二噁英等相关人为化合物的浓度以及溴代二噁英和呋喃的相对丰度强化了自然产生的观点。
