Kolmakov Nikolay N, Hubbard Peter C, Lopes Orlando, Canario Adelino V M
Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Nov 1;43(21):8393-9. doi: 10.1021/es901166m.
Exposure of olfactory epithelium to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper disrupts olfaction in fish. To examine the dynamics of recovery at both functional and morphological levels after acute copper exposure, unilateral exposure of goldfish olfactory epithelia to 100 microM CuSO(4) (10 min) was followed by electro-olfactogram (EOG) recording and scanning electron microscopy. Sensitivity to amino acids (l-arginine and l-serine), generally considered food-related odorants, recovered most rapidly (three days), followed by that to catecholamines (3-O-methoxytyramine), bile acids (taurolithocholic acid) and the steroid pheromone, 17,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-sulfate, which took 28 days to reach full recovery. Sensitivity to the postovulatory pheromone prostaglandin F(2alpha) had not fully recovered even at 28 days. These changes in sensitivity were correlated with changes in the recovery of ciliated and microvillous receptor cell types. Microvillous cells appeared largely unaffected by CuSO(4) treatment. Cilia in ciliated receptor neurones, however, appeared damaged one day post-treatment and were virtually absent after three days but had begun to recover after 14 days. Together, these results support the hypothesis that microvillous receptor neurones detect amino acids whereas ciliated receptor neurones were not functional and are responsible for detection of social stimuli (bile acids and pheromones). Furthermore, differences in sensitivity to copper may be due to different transduction pathways in the different cell types.
使嗅觉上皮暴露于环境相关浓度的铜会破坏鱼类的嗅觉。为了研究急性铜暴露后功能和形态水平上的恢复动态，将金鱼嗅觉上皮单侧暴露于100微摩尔硫酸铜（10分钟），随后进行电嗅觉图（EOG）记录和扫描电子显微镜观察。对通常被认为与食物相关的气味剂氨基酸（L-精氨酸和L-丝氨酸）的敏感性恢复最快（三天），其次是对儿茶酚胺（3-O-甲氧基酪胺）、胆汁酸（牛磺石胆酸）和类固醇信息素17,20β-二羟基-4-孕烯-3-酮20-硫酸盐的敏感性，它们需要28天才能完全恢复。对排卵后信息素前列腺素F2α的敏感性即使在28天时也未完全恢复。这些敏感性变化与纤毛和微绒毛受体细胞类型的恢复变化相关。微绒毛细胞似乎基本不受硫酸铜处理的影响。然而，纤毛受体神经元中的纤毛在处理后一天出现受损，三天后几乎消失，但在14天后开始恢复。总之，这些结果支持了以下假设：微绒毛受体神经元检测氨基酸，而纤毛受体神经元无功能且负责检测社会刺激（胆汁酸和信息素）。此外，对铜敏感性的差异可能是由于不同细胞类型中不同的转导途径所致。
