Gilmore Anna, Fooks Gary, McKee Martin
London School of Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.
Int J Health Serv. 2009;39(4):789-93. doi: 10.2190/HS.39.4.l.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has promoted the lifting of trade restrictions on tobacco and the privatization of state-owned tobacco industries as part of its loan conditions. Growing evidence shows that tobacco industry privatization stimulates tobacco consumption and smoking prevalence in borrowing countries. Privatized tobacco companies make favorable tobacco control policies a condition of their investment and lobby aggressively against further control measures. This, along with increased efficiency of the private sector, leads to increases in marketing, substantial reductions in excise taxes, drops in cigarette prices, and overall rises in sales of cigarettes. The actions of the IMF have therefore led to substantially greater use of tobacco, a product that kills half of its consumers when used as intended, with little evidence of economic gain.
国际货币基金组织（IMF）已将取消烟草贸易限制和国有烟草行业私有化作为其贷款条件的一部分。越来越多的证据表明，烟草行业私有化刺激了借款国的烟草消费和吸烟率。私有化的烟草公司将有利的烟草控制政策作为其投资条件，并积极游说反对进一步的控制措施。这与私营部门效率的提高一起，导致营销增加、消费税大幅降低、香烟价格下跌以及香烟销售总额上升。因此，国际货币基金组织的行动导致烟草的使用大幅增加，而烟草按预期使用时会导致一半的消费者死亡，且几乎没有经济收益的证据。
