青少年物质使用者的白质质量的神经认知相关性。
Neurocognitive correlates of white matter quality in adolescent substance users.
机构信息
University of California, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0603, United States.
出版信息
Brain Cogn. 2010 Apr;72(3):347-54. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.10.012. Epub 2009 Nov 22.
BACKGROUND
Progressive myelination during adolescence implicates an increased vulnerability to neurotoxic substances and enduring neurocognitive consequences. This study examined the cognitive manifestations of altered white matter microstructure in chronic marijuana and alcohol-using (MJ+ALC) adolescents.
METHODS
Thirty-six MJ+ALC adolescents (ages 16-19) and 36 demographically similar controls were evaluated with diffusion tensor imaging (Bava et al., 2009) and neurocognitive tests. Regions of group difference in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were analyzed in relation to cognitive performance.
RESULTS
In users, lower FA in temporal areas related to poorer performance on attention, working memory, and speeded processing tasks. Among regions where users had higher FA than controls, occipital FA was positively associated with working memory and complex visuomotor sequencing, whereas FA in anterior regions was negatively associated with verbal memory performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest differential influences of white matter development on cognition in MJ+ALC using adolescents than in non-using peers. Neuroadaptation may reflect additive and subtractive responses to substance use that are complicated by competing maturational processes.
背景
青春期髓鞘的不断发展意味着更容易受到神经毒性物质的影响，并产生持久的神经认知后果。本研究探讨了慢性吸食大麻和酒精的青少年（MJ+ALC）的脑白质微观结构改变与认知表现的关系。
方法
对 36 名 MJ+ALC 青少年（年龄 16-19 岁）和 36 名年龄和背景相似的对照者进行了扩散张量成像（Bava 等人，2009）和神经认知测试。对各向异性分数（FA）和平均扩散系数（MD）的组间差异区域与认知表现进行了分析。
结果
在使用者中，颞叶区域的 FA 值较低与注意力、工作记忆和速度处理任务的表现较差有关。在使用者 FA 值高于对照组的区域中，枕叶 FA 与工作记忆和复杂的视觉运动序列呈正相关，而前叶 FA 与言语记忆表现呈负相关。
结论
研究结果表明，与非使用者相比，MJ+ALC 使用者青少年的脑白质发育对认知的影响存在差异。神经适应可能反映了对物质使用的附加和减法反应，这些反应受到竞争的成熟过程的影响。
Zotero 插件