Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 May 16;52(6):3166-73. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-6210.
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in middle-aged to elderly Singaporeans of Indian ethnicity.
A population-based, cross-sectional study of Indians aged over 40 years of age residing in Southwestern Singapore was conducted. An age-stratified (10-year age group) random sampling procedure was performed to select participants. Refraction was determined by autorefraction followed by subjective refraction. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) < -0.50 diopters (D), high myopia as SE < -5.00 D, astigmatism as cylinder < -0.50 D, hyperopia as SE > 0.50 D, and anisometropia as SE difference > 1.00 D. Prevalence was adjusted to the 2000 Singapore census.
Of the 4497 persons eligible to participate, 3400 (75.6%) were examined. Complete data were available for 2805 adults with right eye refractive error and no prior cataract surgery. The age-adjusted prevalence was 28.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.8-30.2) for myopia and 4.1% (95% CI, 3.3-5.0) for high myopia. There was a U-shaped relationship between myopia and increasing age. The age-adjusted prevalence was 54.9% (95% CI, 52.0-57.9) for astigmatism, 35.9% (95% CI, 33.7-38.3) for hyperopia, and 9.8% (95% CI, 8.6-11.1) for anisometropia. In a multiple logistic regression model, adults who were female, younger, taller, spent more time reading and writing per day, or had astigmatism were more likely to be myopic. Adults who were older or had myopia or diabetes mellitus had higher risk of astigmatism.
In Singapore, the prevalence of myopia in Indian adults is similar to those in Malays, but lower than those in Chinese. Risk factors for myopia are similar across the three ethnic groups in Singapore.
确定新加坡印度裔中老年人屈光不正的患病率和危险因素。
对居住在新加坡西南部的 40 岁以上的印度人进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究。采用年龄分层（每 10 年为一组）随机抽样程序选择参与者。通过自动折射仪和主观折射仪来确定屈光度。近视定义为等效球镜（SE）< -0.50 屈光度（D），高度近视定义为 SE< -5.00 D，散光定义为柱镜< -0.50 D，远视定义为 SE> 0.50 D，屈光参差定义为 SE 差值> 1.00 D。患病率经过了 2000 年新加坡人口普查的调整。
在符合条件的 4497 人中，有 3400 人（75.6%）接受了检查。2805 名右眼屈光不正且无既往白内障手术史的成年人提供了完整数据。年龄调整后的近视患病率为 28.0%（95%置信区间[CI]，25.8-30.2），高度近视患病率为 4.1%（95% CI，3.3-5.0）。近视与年龄呈 U 型关系。年龄调整后的散光患病率为 54.9%（95% CI，52.0-57.9），远视患病率为 35.9%（95% CI，33.7-38.3），屈光参差患病率为 9.8%（95% CI，8.6-11.1）。在多因素逻辑回归模型中，女性、年龄较小、身高较高、每天阅读和写作时间较长或有散光的成年人更容易近视。年龄较大或有近视或糖尿病的成年人患散光的风险更高。
在新加坡，印度成年人的近视患病率与马来人相似，但低于中国人。新加坡三个族群的近视危险因素相似。
