Saw Seang-Mei, Chan Yiong-Huak, Wong Wan-Ling, Shankar Anoop, Sandar Mya, Aung Tin, Tan Donald T H, Mitchell Paul, Wong Tien Yin
Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Ophthalmology. 2008 Oct;115(10):1713-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.03.016. Epub 2008 May 16.
To describe the prevalence and risk factors for myopia and other refractive errors in an urban Malay population in Singapore.
Population-based, cross-sectional study.
Persons of Malay ethnicity, between 40 and 80 years of age, living in Singapore.
Refractive error was determined by subjective refraction and if unavailable by autorefraction. Data were analyzed for 2974 adults without previous cataract surgery and who had right eye refraction data. Risk factor data, such as education levels and near work activity, were obtained from a face-to-face interview.
Myopia, defined as spherical equivalent (SE) refraction less than -0.5 diopters (D), astigmatism as cylinder less than -0.5 D, hyperopia as SE greater than 0.5 D, and anisometropia as the difference in SE greater than 1.0 D.
The prevalence of myopia in the right eye was 30.7% (9.4% unilateral myopia and 21.3% bilateral myopia), the prevalence of astigmatism in the right eye was 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI, 33.0-33.5), the prevalence of hyperopia in the right eye was 27.4% (95% CI, 24.7-27.6), and the prevalence of anisometropia was 9.9% (95% CI, 9.7-10.0). There was a U-shaped relationship between increasing age and the prevalence of myopia, which was partially explained by the age-related increase in the prevalence of cataract. In a multiple logistic regression model, female sex, age, higher educational level, and cataract were associated with myopia. Adults with myopia were more likely to have astigmatism (P<0.001) in multivariate analyses.
A quarter of older adult Malay people in Singapore had myopia. Compared with previous reports of similarly aged Singapore Chinese adults, the prevalence of myopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia was lower, whereas the prevalence of hyperopia was similar.
描述新加坡城市马来人群中近视及其他屈光不正的患病率和危险因素。
基于人群的横断面研究。
居住在新加坡、年龄在40至80岁之间的马来族裔人群。
屈光不正通过主观验光确定，若无法进行主观验光则采用自动验光。对2974名未曾接受过白内障手术且有右眼屈光数据的成年人进行数据分析。危险因素数据，如教育水平和近距工作活动情况，通过面对面访谈获取。
近视定义为等效球镜度（SE）屈光小于-0.5屈光度（D），散光定义为柱镜度小于-0.5 D，远视定义为SE大于0.5 D，屈光参差定义为SE差值大于1.0 D。
右眼近视患病率为30.7%（单眼近视9.4%，双眼近视21.3%），右眼散光患病率为33.3%（95%置信区间[CI，33.0 - 33.5]），右眼远视患病率为27.4%（95% CI，24.7 - 27.6），屈光参差患病率为9.9%（95% CI，9.7 - 10.0）。年龄增长与近视患病率呈U形关系，部分原因是白内障患病率随年龄增加。在多元逻辑回归模型中，女性、年龄、较高教育水平和白内障与近视相关。在多变量分析中，近视成年人更易患散光（P<0.001）。
新加坡四分之一的老年马来人患有近视。与先前关于年龄相仿的新加坡华裔成年人的报告相比，近视、散光和屈光参差的患病率较低，而远视患病率相似。
