Kardon Julia R, Vale Ronald D
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Dec;10(12):854-65. doi: 10.1038/nrm2804.
Eukaryotic cells use cytoskeletal motor proteins to transport many different intracellular cargos. Numerous kinesins and myosins have evolved to cope with the various transport needs that have arisen during eukaryotic evolution. Surprisingly, a single cytoplasmic dynein (a minus end-directed microtubule motor) carries out similarly diverse transport activities as the many different types of kinesin. How is dynein coupled to its wide range of cargos and how is it spatially and temporally regulated? The answer could lie in the several multifunctional adaptors, including dynactin, lissencephaly 1, nuclear distribution protein E (NUDE) and NUDE-like, Bicaudal D, Rod-ZW10-Zwilch and Spindly, that regulate dynein function and localization.
真核细胞利用细胞骨架运动蛋白来运输许多不同的细胞内货物。众多的驱动蛋白和肌球蛋白已经进化，以应对真核生物进化过程中出现的各种运输需求。令人惊讶的是，单个胞质动力蛋白（一种向微管负端移动的马达蛋白）执行着与多种不同类型驱动蛋白类似的多样运输活动。动力蛋白是如何与它的众多货物耦合的，又是如何在空间和时间上受到调控的呢？答案可能在于几种多功能衔接蛋白，包括动力蛋白激活蛋白复合物、1型无脑回蛋白、核分布蛋白E（NUDE）和类NUDE蛋白、双尾D蛋白、Rod-ZW10-Zwilch蛋白和纺锤体蛋白，它们调节动力蛋白的功能和定位。
