Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Feb;34(2):319-26. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.243. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
Consumption of snacks might contribute to the obesity epidemic. It is not clear how the moment of consumption and energy density of snacks can influence the compensatory response to consumption of snacks in the long term.
To investigate the effects of snack consumption for 8 weeks on changes in body weight, emphasizing on moment of consumption and energy density.
In total, 16 men and 66 women (mean age 21.9 years (s.d. 0.3 year), mean body mass index 20.7 kg m(-2) (s.d. 0.2 kg m(-2))) were randomly assigned to one of four parallel groups in a 2 x 2 design: snacks consumed with or between meals and snacks having a low (<4 kJ g(-1)) or high (>12 kJ g(-1)) energy density. For 8 weeks, subjects consumed mandatory snacks that provided 25% of energy requirements on each day. Body weight, body composition, physical activity level (PAL) and energy intake were measured in week 1 and week 8.
There were no differences in changes in body weight between the four groups. Moment of consumption (P=0.7), energy density (P=0.8) and interaction (P=0.09) did not influence body weight. Similarly, there were no differences in changes in body composition, PAL and energy intake between the four groups.
Body weight after 8 weeks of snack consumption was not affected by moment of consumption and energy density of snacks. This finding suggests that consuming snacks that are high or low in energy density does not necessarily contribute to weight gain. Healthy, nonobese young adults may be able to maintain a normal body weight through an accurate compensation for the consumption of snacks.
零食的消费可能导致肥胖流行。目前尚不清楚零食的消费时间和能量密度如何能长期影响对零食消费的补偿反应。
调查 8 周零食消费对体重变化的影响，强调消费时间和能量密度。
总共纳入 16 名男性和 66 名女性（平均年龄 21.9 岁（标准差 0.3 岁），平均体重指数 20.7 kg/m²（标准差 0.2 kg/m²）），按照 2×2 设计随机分配到 4 个平行组之一：在餐前或餐间摄入零食，或摄入低（<4 kJ/g）或高（>12 kJ/g）能量密度的零食。8 周内，受试者每天必须摄入提供 25%能量需求的零食。在第 1 周和第 8 周测量体重、身体成分、体力活动水平（PAL）和能量摄入。
4 组间体重变化无差异。消费时间（P=0.7）、能量密度（P=0.8）和交互作用（P=0.09）对体重无影响。同样，4 组间身体成分、PAL 和能量摄入的变化也无差异。
8 周零食消费后体重不受零食消费时间和能量密度的影响。这一发现表明，摄入高或低能量密度的零食不一定会导致体重增加。健康、非肥胖的年轻成年人可能能够通过准确补偿零食的摄入来维持正常的体重。
