Johannesson Kerstin Bergh, Michel Per-Olof, Hultman Christina M, Lindam Anna, Arnberg Filip, Lundin Tom
Department of Neuroscience, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Emmy Rappes väg 10, Uppsala SE 750 17, Sweden.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009 May;197(5):316-23. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181a206f7.
The aim was to examine long-term mental health and posttraumatic stress symptomatology in a Swedish tourist population after exposure to the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. Data from 4822 returned questionnaires 14 months after the disaster were analyzed. Respondents were categorized into 3 subgroups: (1) danger-to-life exposure group (having been caught or chased by the waves), (2) nondanger-to-life exposure group (exposed to other disaster-related stressors), and (3) low exposure group. Main outcome measures were General Health Questionnaire-12 and Impact of Event Scale-22-Revised. Danger-to-life exposure was an important factor in causing more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms and in affecting mental health. Female gender, single status, and former trauma experiences were associated with greater distress. Other factors related to more severe symptoms were loss of relatives, physical injuries, viewing many dead bodies, experiencing life threat, and showing signs of cognitive confusion. Disaster exposure has a substantial impact on survivors, which stresses the need for long-lasting support.
目的是调查2004年东南亚海啸后瑞典旅游人群的长期心理健康状况和创伤后应激症状。对灾难发生14个月后回收的4822份调查问卷的数据进行了分析。受访者被分为3个亚组：(1)生命受到威胁暴露组（曾被海浪困住或追赶），(2)非生命受到威胁暴露组（暴露于其他与灾难相关的应激源），以及(3)低暴露组。主要结局指标为一般健康问卷-12和事件影响量表-22修订版。生命受到威胁的暴露是导致更严重创伤后应激症状和影响心理健康的一个重要因素。女性、单身状态和既往创伤经历与更大的痛苦相关。与更严重症状相关的其他因素包括亲属死亡、身体受伤、目睹许多尸体、经历生命威胁以及出现认知混乱迹象。灾难暴露对幸存者有重大影响，这凸显了提供长期支持的必要性。
