Department of Neuroscience, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2013 Oct 3;4. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20650. eCollection 2013.
Disasters yield increased rates of psychological disorders decades later. Other consequences, however, have received little attention in the past.
We aimed to examine diagnostic status and survivors' views on disaster-related consequences and social support.
A mixed-methods approach was used with 22 survivors (of 49 eligible) 15 years after a ferry disaster. Data collection included audiotaped interviews with open-ended questions and diagnostic assessment of Axis-I disorders.
The post-disaster incidence was 54% (12/22) for Axis-I disorders, and 45% (10/22) for full or subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder. Thematic analysis revealed that survivor perception of the long-term consequences included positive (character change) and negative aspects (being ascribed a survivor identity). Participants' sought social support for several years, yet many felt hindered by experiential dissimilarity and distress of significant others.
Axis-I disorders were prevalent, but not salient to survivors' perceptions in the long-term. Post-disaster interventions need to attend to common barriers to support.
灾难发生几十年后，心理障碍的发生率会增加。然而，过去其他后果却很少受到关注。
我们旨在研究诊断状况以及幸存者对与灾难相关的后果和社会支持的看法。
采用混合方法，对 49 名符合条件的渡轮灾难幸存者中的 22 名幸存者（15 年后）进行研究。数据收集包括使用开放式问题进行录音采访和对轴 I 障碍进行诊断评估。
轴 I 障碍的灾后发生率为 54%（12/22），完全或亚综合征创伤后应激障碍的发生率为 45%（10/22）。主题分析显示，幸存者对长期后果的看法包括积极的（性格改变）和消极的方面（被赋予幸存者身份）。参与者在几年内寻求社会支持，但许多人感到受到经验差异和重要他人痛苦的阻碍。
轴 I 障碍很普遍，但在长期内对幸存者的看法并不突出。灾难后干预措施需要关注支持的常见障碍。
