Nyatanga L
Nurse Educ Today. 1991 Feb;11(1):13-8. doi: 10.1016/0260-6917(91)90119-u.
Throughout its history, nursing has struggled with definitional issues. Embedded firmly in tradition mothering roles according to McCloskey and Grace (1985), nursing has found it difficult to make transitions into the professional and scientific realms. The professional and scientific status of nursing may not be as gloomy as McCloskey and Grace put it. Leddy and Pepper (1989) for instance claim that nursing has, since the 1960s, dramatically evolved into a scientific discipline. The purpose of this paper is to: 1. redefine science in order to establish the basis of the debate on nursing as a science; 2. outline at least one philosophical position in science and examine how nursing might benefit from it; 3. assess or evaluate, in the light of the above points the possible usefulness of nursing science especially the use of paradigm concepts in nursing; 4. finally question whether nursing wants to work towards paradigm status. In a small way this paper contributes to the debate on the nature of science as applied to nursing. It reflects on the progress being made through nursing models' paradigm concepts. The conclusion suggests that the concept of paradigm as used in nursing is in keeping with Kuhn's and therefore can be adopted as a potentially useful framework.
在其整个历史进程中，护理学一直纠结于定义问题。根据麦克洛斯基和格雷斯（1985年）的观点，护理学深深植根于传统的母亲角色，因而发现难以向专业和科学领域转变。护理学的专业和科学地位或许并不像麦克洛斯基和格雷斯描述的那样黯淡。例如，莱迪和佩珀（1989年）声称，自20世纪60年代以来，护理学已显著发展成为一门科学学科。本文的目的在于：1. 重新定义科学，以便确立关于护理学作为一门科学的辩论基础；2. 概述至少一种科学中的哲学立场，并审视护理学如何从中受益；3. 根据上述要点，评估或评价护理科学的可能效用，尤其是范式概念在护理学中的应用；4. 最后质疑护理学是否希望朝着范式地位发展。本文在一定程度上有助于关于应用于护理学的科学本质的辩论。它反思了通过护理模式的范式概念所取得的进展。结论表明，护理学中使用的范式概念与库恩的观点一致，因此可作为一个潜在有用的框架加以采用。
