Department of Forestry, Institute of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
Department for Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 2;12(1):15007. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17635-9.
Gene flow between cultivated and wild gene pools is common in the contact zone between agricultural lands and natural habitats and can be used to study the development of adaptations and selection of novel varieties. This is likely the case in the northern Adriatic region, where centuries-old cultivated orchards of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) are planted within the natural distribution area of the species. Thus, we investigated the population structure of several orchards of sweet chestnuts. Furthermore, the genetic background of three toponymous clonal varieties was explored. Six genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) and nine EST-derived SSR (EST-SSR) loci were utilized in this research, and both grafted and non-grafted individuals were included in this study. Five closely related clones were identified, which represent a singular, polyclonal marron variety, found in all three cultivation areas. Furthermore, many hybrids, a result of breeding between cultivated and wild chestnuts, have been found. Analyzed semi-wild orchards defined by a diverse genetic structure, represent a hotspot for further selection and could result in creation of locally adapted, high-yielding varieties.
在农业用地和自然栖息地之间的接触地带，栽培基因库和野生基因库之间的基因流动是很常见的，可用于研究适应的发展和新变种的选择。在亚得里亚海北部地区就是这种情况，几个世纪以来，甜栗（Castanea sativa Mill.）的人工栽培果园都种植在该物种的自然分布区内。因此，我们调查了几个甜栗果园的种群结构。此外，还探讨了三个同名克隆品种的遗传背景。在这项研究中使用了 6 个基因组简单重复序列（gSSR）和 9 个基于 EST 的 SSR（EST-SSR）标记，包括嫁接和非嫁接个体。发现了 5 个密切相关的克隆，代表了在所有三个种植区都发现的单一的、多克隆的 marron 品种。此外，还发现了许多杂交种，这是栽培栗和野生栗之间杂交的结果。通过对具有不同遗传结构的半野生果园进行分析，发现了一个热点，可进一步进行选择，并可能导致创造出适合当地、高产的品种。
