Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th Street, New York, NY 10075, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jan;44(1):45-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.068106. Epub 2009 Nov 27.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide, with a corresponding decline in physical fitness and general physical activity level. Overweight and obese adolescents are more than twice as likely to be injured in sports and other physical activities compared with non-overweight and non-obese adolescents. Obese adolescent athletes are more than three times as likely to sustain an ankle sprain compared with normal weight adolescent athletes. At the societal level, promoting physical activity for children and improving dietary habits are key strategies for lowering the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The increased risk of injury associated with being overweight or obese may in part be due to low physical activity level. Promotion of physical activity for children can provide neuromuscular training that may be beneficial in decreasing injury risk associated with general play and sports participation. For lower-extremity injuries, specific neuromuscular training interventions, such as balance training, have great potential in reversing the increased injury risk associated with overweight and obesity. Finally, the injured overweight young athlete may have a more prolonged recovery period than non-overweight young athletes. Early aggressive treatment of swelling with physical modalities, prolonged non-weight bearing, limited period of immobilisation and regular repetitive passive joint motion are indicated for the overweight young athlete with a lower-extremity joint injury.
儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的患病率在全球范围内不断上升，与之相应的是身体素质和一般身体活动水平的下降。与非超重和非肥胖的青少年相比，超重和肥胖的青少年在运动和其他体育活动中受伤的可能性高出两倍多。与正常体重的青少年运动员相比，肥胖的青少年运动员踝关节扭伤的可能性高出三倍多。在社会层面上，促进儿童的身体活动和改善饮食习慣是降低超重和肥胖患病率的关键策略。与超重或肥胖相关的受伤风险增加可能部分归因于低身体活动水平。促进儿童的身体活动可以提供神经肌肉训练，这可能有助于降低与一般玩耍和运动参与相关的受伤风险。对于下肢损伤，特定的神经肌肉训练干预措施，如平衡训练，在扭转与超重和肥胖相关的增加的受伤风险方面具有巨大的潜力。最后，受伤的超重年轻运动员可能比非超重年轻运动员有更长的恢复期。对于下肢关节受伤的超重年轻运动员，早期积极采用物理疗法治疗肿胀、长时间不负重、限制固定期和定期重复被动关节运动是必要的。
