Australian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia.
J Fluency Disord. 2009 Sep;34(3):173-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.09.001. Epub 2009 Sep 18.
Stuttering is frequently associated with negative consequences which typically begin in early childhood. Despite this, no previous studies have investigated the presence of personality disorders among adults who stutter. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to screen for personality disorders among adults who stutter, and to compare these screening estimates with matched controls from a national population sample. Using a matched case-control design, participants were 94 adults seeking treatment for stuttering, 92 of whom completed the International Personality Disorders Examination Questionnaire (IPDEQ) as a first-stage screener, and 920 age- and gender-matched controls from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (ANSMHWB). A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios for the primary outcome: first-stage presence of any personality disorder; as well as specific personality disorders. Based on first-stage screening, the presence of any personality disorder was significantly higher for adults in the stuttering group than matched controls, demonstrating almost threefold increased odds. This difference between groups remained significant for all specific personality disorders, with four- to sevenfold increased odds found for Dissocial, Anxious, Borderline, Dependent and Paranoid personality disorders, and two- to threefold increased odds found for Histrionic, Impulsive, Schizoid and Anankastic personality disorders. In conclusion, stuttering appears to be associated with a heightened risk for the development of personality disorders. These results highlight the need for research regarding the assessment and treatment of personality disorders among adults who stutter.
The reader will be able to: (1) describe the nature of personality disorders, including factors thought to contribute to their development; (2) identify some of the negative consequences associated with stuttering which may contribute to the development of personality disorders among adults who stutter; (3) describe the process involved in screening for personality disorders, including various methods of scoring; and (4) summarize findings regarding the first-stage presence of personality disorders among adults seeking speech treatment for stuttering in the present sample in comparison with age- and gender-matched controls from a national population sample.
口吃通常与负面后果相关，这些后果通常始于儿童早期。尽管如此，以前没有研究调查口吃成年人中是否存在人格障碍。因此，本研究的目的是筛查口吃成年人中的人格障碍，并将这些筛查估计与来自全国人口样本的匹配对照组进行比较。使用匹配病例对照设计，参与者为 94 名寻求口吃治疗的成年人，其中 92 名完成了国际人格障碍检查表问卷（IPDEQ）作为第一阶段筛查，920 名年龄和性别与澳大利亚国家心理健康和幸福感调查（ANSMHWB）相匹配的对照组。使用条件逻辑回归模型估计主要结果的优势比：第一阶段任何人格障碍的存在；以及特定的人格障碍。根据第一阶段的筛查，口吃组成年人出现任何人格障碍的比例明显高于匹配对照组，表明风险几乎增加了两倍。这种组间差异对于所有特定的人格障碍仍然显著，发现分裂型、焦虑型、边缘型、依赖型和偏执型人格障碍的风险增加了四到七倍，而发现表演型、冲动型、分裂型和强迫型人格障碍的风险增加了两到三倍。总之，口吃似乎与人格障碍的发展风险增加有关。这些结果强调了需要研究口吃成年人中人格障碍的评估和治疗。
读者将能够：（1）描述人格障碍的性质，包括被认为有助于其发展的因素；（2）确定与口吃相关的一些负面后果，这些后果可能导致口吃成年人中人格障碍的发展；（3）描述筛查人格障碍的过程，包括各种评分方法；（4）总结本研究样本中寻求言语治疗口吃的成年人中第一阶段人格障碍存在的发现，并与来自全国人口样本的年龄和性别匹配对照组进行比较。
