School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009 Nov;18(11):1769-76. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2008.1265.
Few studies have examined long-term exercise adherence in older women. The purpose of this study was to assess predictors of adherence to an intervention involving walking and balance exercises.
This was a randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Sedentary women (n = 137) aged > or =70 randomized to the exercise intervention were evaluated in their homes. The exercise prescription included walking 30 minutes per day 5 days per week and completing 11 balance exercises twice per week. The main outcome measure was exercise adherence of the intervention group only.
The average number of minutes walked per week was 95.2 (SD 68.8); 17% walked the recommended 150 minutes or greater. The average number of times the balance exercises were done was 1.5 (SD 1.6) per week. Results of regression analysis for walking adherence showed clinical variables accounted for the greatest variance (17%) of all the blocks, and cognitive variables were second highest (12%). The final model explained 19% of the variance in predicting adherence to walking. Results of regression analysis for adherence to balance exercises showed health-related quality of life (HRQOL) variables accounted for the greatest variance (14%), followed by cognitive variables (12%). The final model explained 24% of the variance in predicting adherence to balance exercises.
Adherence to exercise was below recommended goals, although this study demonstrated that sedentary women can adopt and continue regular exercise long term. Predictors of adherence varied with different forms of exercise. Individually tailored exercise interventions may be most amenable to older women.
很少有研究调查老年女性的长期运动依从性。本研究的目的是评估涉及步行和平衡运动的干预措施依从性的预测因素。
这是一项为期 2 年随访的随机对照试验。将 137 名年龄≥70 岁的久坐不动的女性随机分为运动干预组，在她们的家中进行评估。运动处方包括每天步行 30 分钟，每周 5 天，每周两次完成 11 次平衡运动。主要观察指标仅为干预组的运动依从性。
每周平均步行分钟数为 95.2（SD 68.8）；17%的人每周步行 150 分钟或以上。每周平衡运动的平均次数为 1.5（SD 1.6）次。步行依从性回归分析的结果表明，临床变量占所有块的最大方差（17%），认知变量次之（12%）。最终模型解释了 19%的步行依从性的预测方差。平衡运动依从性回归分析的结果表明，健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）变量占最大方差（14%），其次是认知变量（12%）。最终模型解释了 24%的平衡运动依从性的预测方差。
尽管本研究表明，久坐不动的女性可以长期采用并继续定期运动，但运动依从性低于推荐目标。依从性的预测因素因不同形式的运动而异。个体化量身定制的运动干预可能最适合老年女性。
