Corlett Philip R, Simons Jon S, Pigott Jennifer S, Gardner Jennifer M, Murray Graham K, Krystal John H, Fletcher Paul C
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Brain Mapping Unit Cambridge, UK.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2009 Nov 24;3:53. doi: 10.3389/neuro.08.053.2009. eCollection 2009.
The salience hypothesis of psychosis rests on a simple but profound observation that subtle alterations in the way that we perceive and experience stimuli have important consequences for how important these stimuli become for us, how much they draw our attention, how they embed themselves in our memory and, ultimately, how they shape our beliefs. We put forward the idea that a classical memory illusion - the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect - offers a useful way of exploring processes related to such aberrant belief formation. The illusion occurs when, as a consequence of its relationship to previous stimuli, a stimulus that has not previously been presented is falsely remembered. Such illusory familiarity is thought to be generated by the surprising fluency with which the stimulus is processed. In this respect, the illusion relates directly to the salience hypothesis and may share common cognitive underpinnings with aberrations of perception and attribution that are found in psychosis. In this paper, we explore the theoretical importance of this experimentally-induced illusion in relation to the salience model of psychosis. We present data showing that, in healthy volunteers, the illusion relates directly to self reported anomalies of experience and magical thinking. We discuss this finding in terms of the salience hypothesis and of a broader Bayesian framework of perception and cognition which emphasizes the salience both of predictable and unpredictable experiences.
我们感知和体验刺激方式的细微改变，对于这些刺激对我们的重要程度、吸引我们注意力的程度、在我们记忆中的留存方式以及最终对我们信念的塑造方式都有着重要影响。我们提出这样一个观点：一种经典的记忆错觉——迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）效应——为探索与这种异常信念形成相关的过程提供了一种有用的方式。当一个之前未呈现过的刺激由于与先前刺激的关系而被错误记忆时，这种错觉就会出现。这种虚幻的熟悉感被认为是由对该刺激进行处理时令人惊讶的流畅性所产生的。在这方面，这种错觉与显著性假说直接相关，并且可能与在精神病中发现的感知和归因异常有着共同的认知基础。在本文中，我们探讨这种实验诱导的错觉相对于精神病显著性模型的理论重要性。我们展示的数据表明，在健康志愿者中，这种错觉与自我报告的体验异常和神奇思维直接相关。我们根据显著性假说以及一个更广泛的感知和认知贝叶斯框架来讨论这一发现，该框架强调了可预测和不可预测体验的显著性。
