Ericsson U B, Lindgärde F
Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden.
J Intern Med. 1991 Jan;229(1):67-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00308.x.
The effect of smoking habits on thyroid function and the prevalence of thyroid diseases was studied in two birth cohorts (1928 and 1941) of men and women. A total of 1555 individuals (836 men and 719 women) were smokers. 1048 individuals (604 men and 444 women) were ex-smokers and 1497 individuals (560 men and 937 women) were non-smokers. The serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration was significantly lower in smokers than in ex-smokers and non-smokers (P = 0.05 and P = 0.001, respectively). Smoking habits did not affect the serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. The prevalence of non-toxic goitre and toxic diffuse goitre was significantly higher in smoking women than in non-smoking women (P = 0.005 and P = 0.04, respectively). Thiocyanate may be the goitrogenic factor responsible for the increased prevalence of non-toxic goitre. The cause of the increased prevalence of toxic diffuse goitre is less obvious. Hypothetically, an increase in sympathetic activity in smokers may promote the development of thyrotoxicosis in predisposed individuals, but immunological disturbances caused by smoking are another possibility.
在两个出生队列（1928年和1941年）的男性和女性中研究了吸烟习惯对甲状腺功能和甲状腺疾病患病率的影响。共有1555人（836名男性和719名女性）吸烟。1048人（604名男性和444名女性）已戒烟，1497人（560名男性和937名女性）不吸烟。吸烟者血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）浓度显著低于已戒烟者和不吸烟者（分别为P = 0.05和P = 0.001）。吸烟习惯不影响血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）浓度。吸烟女性中非毒性甲状腺肿和毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿的患病率显著高于不吸烟女性（分别为P = 0.005和P = 0.04）。硫氰酸盐可能是导致非毒性甲状腺肿患病率增加的致甲状腺肿因素。毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿患病率增加的原因不太明显。据推测，吸烟者交感神经活动增加可能会促进易感个体发生甲状腺毒症，但吸烟引起的免疫紊乱是另一种可能性。
