Georgiadis E, Papapostolou C, Korakis T, Evagelopoulou K, Mantzoros C, Batrinos M
Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Athens University, Greece.
J R Soc Health. 1997 Dec;117(6):355-8. doi: 10.1177/146642409711700605.
The effects of smoking habits on thyroid function, echo-texture (nodules and/or cysts) and thyroid gland volume were determined by using ultrasound and measuring serum Thyroxin (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyrotropin (TSH) and TPO antibodies (ab-TPO) in 189 healthy smokers and non-smokers, randomly selected (111 females and 78 males) among the employees of our hospital and their relatives. When the entire group of subjects was considered the mean ratio of thyroid gland volume/body weight was found to be significantly higher in male (P < 0.05) and female (P < 0.05) smokers compared with non-smokers. In female smokers, mean serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was lower (P < 0.05) and the degree of smoking was positively correlated with the ratio of thyroid gland volume/body weight (P < 0.05). However, when the subjects with a family history of goitre in first degree relatives were excluded from our study (14 females and 9 males), no significant differences in mean ratio of thyroid volume/weight or TSH between the remaining smokers and non-smokers were detected. In both sexes, the correlation between the degree of smoking and thyroid volume, although positive, did not reach statistical significance. No difference in prevalence of abnormal echogenicity and echo-texture (nodules and cysts) between smokers and non-smokers was detected. It is concluded that smoking habits present a goitrogenic effect only in subjects with a family history of goitre but have no influence on thyroid gland texture.
通过超声检查并测量血清甲状腺素（T4）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（ab - TPO），对189名健康吸烟者和非吸烟者（我院员工及其亲属中随机选取，111名女性和78名男性）的吸烟习惯对甲状腺功能、回声特征（结节和/或囊肿）及甲状腺体积的影响进行了研究。当将所有受试者作为一个整体考虑时，发现男性（P < 0.05）和女性（P < 0.05）吸烟者的甲状腺体积/体重平均比值显著高于非吸烟者。在女性吸烟者中，血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）平均水平较低（P < 0.05），且吸烟程度与甲状腺体积/体重比值呈正相关（P < 0.05）。然而，当将一级亲属中有甲状腺肿家族史的受试者（14名女性和9名男性）排除在研究之外时，其余吸烟者和非吸烟者之间的甲状腺体积/体重平均比值或TSH未检测到显著差异。在两性中，吸烟程度与甲状腺体积之间的相关性虽为正相关，但未达到统计学意义。吸烟者与非吸烟者之间在异常回声性和回声特征（结节和囊肿）的患病率方面未检测到差异。结论是，吸烟习惯仅在有甲状腺肿家族史的受试者中呈现致甲状腺肿作用，但对甲状腺质地无影响。
