Athletic Training Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jan;25(1):129-34. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b94a3d.
The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of low-frequency, low-impact plyometric training on vertical jump (VJ) and kicking distance in female adolescent soccer players. Sixteen adolescent soccer players were studied (age 13.4 ± 0.5 years) across 14 weeks. The control group (general soccer training only) had 6 subjects, and the plyometric training (general soccer training plus plyometric exercise) group had 10 subjects. All subjects were tested for VJ and kicking distance on 3 occasions: pre-test, 7 weeks, and 14 weeks. Data were analyzed using a 2 (Training) × 3 (Test) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on the factor test. No significant difference in kicking distance was found between groups at pre-test (p = 0.688) or 7 weeks (p = 0.117). The plyometric group had significantly greater kicking distance after 14 weeks (p < 0.001). No significant difference in VJ height was found between groups at pre-test (p = 0.837) or 7 weeks (p = 0.108). The plyometric group had a significantly higher VJ after 14 weeks (p = 0.014). These results provide strength coaches with a safe and effective alternative to high-intensity plyometric training. Based on these findings, to increase lower-body power resulting in increased VJ and kicking distance, strength coaches should implement once-weekly, low-impact plyometric training programs with their adolescent athletes.
本研究旨在测量低频、低冲击式增强式训练对女性青少年足球运动员垂直跳跃（VJ）和踢球距离的影响。14 周内研究了 16 名青少年足球运动员（年龄 13.4 ± 0.5 岁）。对照组（仅进行一般足球训练）有 6 名受试者，增强式训练组（一般足球训练加增强式练习）有 10 名受试者。所有受试者在 3 次测试中测试 VJ 和踢球距离：预测试、7 周和 14 周。数据采用 2（训练）×3（测试）重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）进行分析。在预测试（p=0.688）或 7 周时（p=0.117），两组之间的踢球距离没有显著差异。14 周后，增强式训练组的踢球距离显著增加（p<0.001）。在预测试（p=0.837）或 7 周时（p=0.108），两组之间的 VJ 高度没有显著差异。14 周后，增强式训练组的 VJ 高度显著提高（p=0.014）。这些结果为力量教练提供了一种安全有效的替代高强度增强式训练的方法。基于这些发现，为了增加下肢力量，从而增加 VJ 和踢球距离，力量教练应该为青少年运动员实施每周一次、低影响的增强式训练计划。
