Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), NO-0349, Oslo, Norway.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jan 15;44(2):734-42. doi: 10.1021/es902264w.
We present a process model that predicts the removal of the antibiotic micropollutants, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), tetracycline (TCY), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), in an activated sludge treatment system. A novel method was developed to solve the inverse problem of inferring process rate, sorption, and correction factor parameter values from batch experimental results obtained under aerobic and anoxic conditions. Instead of spiking the batch reactors with reference substances, measurements were made using the xenobiotic organic micropollutant content of preclarified municipal sewage. Parent compound formation and removal were observed, and the model developed using the simulation software West showed limited efficiency to describe the selected micropollutants profiles, when growth substrate removal occurs. The model structure was optimized by accounting for competitive inhibition by readily biodegradable substrates on the cometabolic micropollutant biotransformation processes. Our results suggest that, under anoxic conditions, hydrophobicity-independent mechanisms can significantly impact solid-liquid partitioning that our model takes into account by using the sorption coefficient as a lumped parameter. Forward dynamic simulations were carried out to evaluate the developed model and to confirm it for SMX using data obtained in a full-scale treatment plant. Evaluation of measured and simulation results suggest that, robust model prediction can be achieved by approximating the influent load of chemicals biodegrading via a given parent compound, e.g., human conjugates, as an antibiotic mass that is proportional to the parent compound load.
我们提出了一个过程模型，用于预测在活性污泥处理系统中去除抗生素污染物磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）、四环素（TCY）和环丙沙星（CIP）。开发了一种新方法，用于从好氧和缺氧条件下获得的批量实验结果中推断出过程速率、吸附和校正因子参数值的反问题。该方法不是在批量反应器中添加参考物质，而是使用预澄清城市污水中的异生物质有机微污染物含量进行测量。观察到母体化合物的形成和去除，使用 West 模拟软件开发的模型在生长基质去除发生时，对所选微污染物谱的描述效率有限。通过考虑易生物降解基质对共代谢微污染物转化过程的竞争抑制作用，优化了模型结构。我们的结果表明，在缺氧条件下，疏水性独立机制可以显著影响固液分配，我们的模型通过使用吸附系数作为集中参数来考虑这一点。进行了正向动态模拟，以评估所开发的模型，并使用在全规模处理厂获得的数据对 SMX 进行验证。测量结果和模拟结果的评估表明，可以通过将通过给定母体化合物（例如，与人共轭物）生物降解的化学物质的入口负荷近似为与母体化合物负荷成比例的抗生素质量，实现稳健的模型预测。
