CID, V.P.K.A.S, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Jan 13;58(1):434-40. doi: 10.1021/jf902439m.
Antifeeding and insect growth regulatory effects of saponins and its hydrolyzed products from Diploknema butyracea and Sapindus mukorossi on the insect pest Spodoptera litura (F.) were investigated in the laboratory. D. butyracea saponins as well as their hydrolyzed prosapogenins were found to be better biologically active in controlling pests. A concentration of 1200 and 3400 mg L(-1) alkaline and acid hydrolyzed D. butyracea saponins exhibited significant antifeeding and toxic effects to third instar larvae when compared to the emulsified water as control. The n-BuOH extract after prep-HPLC separation provided two saponins from the D. butyracea saponin mixture: 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyarnosyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-16-alpha-hydroxyprotobassic acid-28-O-[ara-glc-xyl]-ara (MI-I) and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl-16-alpha-hydroxyprotobassic acid-28-O-[ara-xyl-ara]-apiose (MI-III). The single saponin extracted from the S. mukorossi saponin mixture was 3-O-[beta-D-xyl(OAc).beta-D-arabinopyranosyl.beta-D-rhamnopyranosyl] hederagenin-28-O-[beta-D-glc.beta-D-glc.beta-D-rhamnopyranosyl] ester (SM-I). Five days after saponin treatment on larvae, the growth index (GI50) was reduced from 0.92% to 1520 ppm in alkaline hydrolyzed D. butyracea saponins. Upon hydrolysis, growth regulatory activity was improved in S. mukorossi saponin, whereas very little difference was found in antifeedant activity. Hydrophile-lipophile balance is important for the proper functioning of saponin/prosapogenin/sapogenin, which could be achieved by manipulating the sugar molecule in the triterpenic skeleton.
采用室内生物测定方法研究了双翼豆（ Diploknema butyracea ）和无患子（ Sapindus mukorossi ）中的皂苷及其水解产物对鳞翅目害虫斜纹夜蛾（ Spodoptera litura ）的拒食和昆虫生长调节作用。结果表明，双翼豆皂苷及其水解前体皂苷元比乳化水对照具有更好的生物活性。与乳化水对照相比，浓度为 1200 和 3400mg/L 的碱性和酸性水解双翼豆皂苷对 3 龄幼虫表现出显著的拒食和毒性作用。经制备高效液相色谱（ prep-HPLC ）分离后，从双翼豆皂苷混合物中得到两种皂苷：3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-16-α-羟基原巴西酸-28-O-[ara-glc-xyl]-ara（MI-I）和 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-吡喃葡萄糖基-吡喃葡萄糖基-16-α-羟基原巴西酸-28-O-[ara-xyl-ara]-apiose（MI-III）。从无患子皂苷混合物中提取的单体皂苷为 3-O-[β-D-木糖（OAc）.β-D-阿拉伯吡喃糖基.β-D-鼠李吡喃糖基]齐墩果酸-28-O-[β-D-葡萄糖基.β-D-葡萄糖基.β-D-鼠李吡喃糖基]酯（SM-I）。皂苷处理幼虫 5 天后，碱性水解双翼豆皂苷的生长指数（GI50）从 0.92%降低至 1520ppm。水解后，无患子皂苷的生长调节活性提高，而拒食活性变化不大。亲水亲脂平衡（HLB）对于皂苷/原皂苷元/皂苷的正常功能非常重要，这可以通过操纵三萜骨架中的糖分子来实现。
