Division of Agricultural Chemicals, I.A.R.I, New Delhi, India.
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Aug;66(8):825-31. doi: 10.1002/ps.1947.
Triterpenic saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. and Diploknema butyracea JF Gmelin were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity against four phytopathogenic fungi. The study of the structure-antifungal activity relationships of protobassic acid saponins was widened by including semi-synthetic derivatives.
Diploknema butyracea saponins exhibited significant antifungal activity against three fungi (ED(50) 230-455 microg mL(-1)), whereas S. mukorossi saponin was effective against two fungi (ED(50) 181-407 microg mL(-1)). The n-butanol extract after preparative HPLC separation provided two saponins from D. butyracea saponin mixture: 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyarnosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-16-alpha-hydroxyprotobassic acid-28-O-[arabinopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl-xylopyranosyl]-arabinopyranoside (MI-I), and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl-16-alpha-hydroxyprotobassic acid-28-O-[arabinopyranosyl-xylopyranosyl-arabinopyranosyl]-apiofuranoside (MI-III). The single saponin extracted from S. mukorossi saponin mixture was identified as 3-O-[O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-rhamnopyranosyl] hederagenin-28-O[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-rhamnopyranosyl] ester (SM-I). Monodesmosides resulting from the partial degradation of hederagenin and hydroxyprotobassic acid bisdesmosides exhibited significant reduction in antifungal effect. Further removal of sugar moiety yielded complete loss in activity. The antifungal activity of the triterpenic saponins was associated with their aglycone moieties, and esterification of the hydroxyl group led to change in antifungal activity.
Sapindus mukorossi saponin, which is effective against Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Briton Jones and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., can be exploited for the development of a natural fungicide. A sugar moiety is a prerequisite for the antifungal activity of triterpenic saponin.
从无患子和多蕊木中提取的三萜皂苷被评估为对四种植物病原菌的体外抗真菌活性。通过包括半合成衍生物，扩大了原巴西酸皂苷的结构-抗真菌活性关系的研究。
多蕊木皂苷对三种真菌（ED（50）230-455μg/ml）表现出显著的抗真菌活性，而无患子皂苷对两种真菌（ED（50）181-407μg/ml）有效。经制备高效液相色谱分离后的正丁醇提取物从多蕊木皂苷混合物中提供了两种皂苷：3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-16-α-羟基原巴西酸-28-O-[阿拉伯吡喃糖基-吡喃葡萄糖基-木糖吡喃基]-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（MI-I）和 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-吡喃葡萄糖基-吡喃葡萄糖基-16-α-羟基原巴西酸-28-O-[阿拉伯吡喃糖基-木糖吡喃基-阿拉伯吡喃糖基]-阿比呋喃糖苷（MI-III）。从无患子皂苷混合物中提取的单皂苷被鉴定为 3-O-[O-乙酰基-β-D-木糖吡喃基-β-D-阿拉伯吡喃基-β-D-鼠李吡喃基]羽扇豆烷-28-O[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-鼠李吡喃基]酯（SM-I）。羽扇豆烷和羟基原巴西酸双糖苷部分降解产生的单糖苷显示出抗真菌作用显著降低。进一步去除糖基导致活性完全丧失。三萜皂苷的抗真菌活性与其苷元部分有关，羟基的酯化导致抗真菌活性的变化。
对茄腐镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌有效的无患子皂苷可用于开发天然杀菌剂。糖基是三萜皂苷抗真菌活性的前提。
