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切尔诺贝利的污染随时间和空间的变化。

1. Chernobyl contamination through time and space.

机构信息

Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, Office 319, 119071 Moscow, Russia.

出版信息

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Nov;1181:5-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04821.x.

Abstract

Radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl meltdown spread over 40% of Europe (including Austria, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Romania, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, France, Greece, Iceland, Slovenia) and wide territories in Asia (including Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Emirates, China), northern Africa, and North America. Nearly 400 million people resided in territories that were contaminated with radioactivity at a level higher than 4 kBq/m(2) (0.11 Ci/km(2)) from April to July 1986. Nearly 5 million people (including, more than 1 million children) still live with dangerous levels of radioactive contamination in Belarus, Ukraine, and European Russia. Claims that the Chernobyl radioactive fallout adds "only 2%" to the global radioactive background overshadows the fact that many affected territories had previously dangerously high levels of radiation. Even if the current level is low, there was high irradiation in the first days and weeks after the Chernobyl catastrophe. There is no reasonable explanation for the fact that the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Health Organization (Chernobyl Forum, 2005) have completely neglected the consequences of radioactive contamination in other countries, which received more than 50% of the Chernobyl radionuclides, and addressed concerns only in Belarus, Ukraine, and European Russia.

摘要

切尔诺贝利核事故释放的放射性物质扩散到欧洲 40%以上的地区(包括奥地利、芬兰、瑞典、挪威、瑞士、罗马尼亚、英国、德国、意大利、法国、希腊、冰岛、斯洛文尼亚)和亚洲广大地区(包括土耳其、格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿联酋、中国)、北非和北美洲。1986 年 4 月至 7 月期间,有近 4 亿人居住在放射性污染水平高于 4 kBq/m(2)(0.11 Ci/km(2)) 的地区。白俄罗斯、乌克兰和俄罗斯欧洲部分仍有近 500 万人(包括 100 多万人)生活在危险的放射性污染水平下。声称切尔诺贝利放射性沉降物仅使全球放射性背景增加“2%”,这掩盖了这样一个事实,即许多受影响的地区以前的辐射水平非常高。即使目前的水平较低,在切尔诺贝利灾难发生后的头几天和几周内仍有高剂量的辐射。国际原子能机构和世界卫生组织(切尔诺贝利论坛,2005 年)完全忽视了其他国家受到的放射性污染后果,这是没有合理的解释的,这些国家接收了超过 50%的切尔诺贝利放射性核素,而仅对白俄罗斯、乌克兰和俄罗斯欧洲部分表示关切。

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