Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010 Mar;21(2 Pt 1):315-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00954.x. Epub 2009 Dec 9.
Allergic disorders represent a major health problem in most developed countries, but few population-based studies have focused on these disorders in early childhood. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence, gender differences and distribution of allergy related disorders and their association to sensitization among unselected children, 2 yrs of age, in a general population. A population-based study with parental self reported questionnaire data involving allergy related symptoms and results from allergy tests from 4783 two-yr-old children was conducted, and skin prick tests (SPT) of a randomly selected sample comprising 390 children were performed. In the total population the prevalence of reported wheeze was 26%, doctor diagnosed asthma (DDAsthma) 7.0%, atopic dermatitis (AD) 17% and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) 3%. Of the 1008 (21%) allergy tested children 59% reported a positive test, but of the randomly selected children only 8% had a positive SPT. Children with AD were most frequently sensitized and children with ARC were most likely to have other allergy related disorders (70%). More boys than girls had an allergy related disorder or a positive allergy test. In conclusion, two in five had an allergy related disorder, but less than 10% had a positive SPT. Having one allergic disorder, especially ARC, increased substantially the risk of having another, and having AD was most strongly associated to a positive allergy test. Moreover, boys were more likely than girls to have an allergy related disorder or a positive SPT indicating a gender difference in the natural history of allergy related disorders.
过敏障碍是大多数发达国家的主要健康问题，但很少有基于人群的研究关注儿童早期的这些障碍。本研究的目的是调查未选择的 2 岁儿童中过敏相关障碍的流行率、性别差异和分布，以及它们与致敏的关系。这是一项基于人群的研究，使用父母自我报告的问卷数据，涉及过敏相关症状和过敏测试结果，涉及 4783 名 2 岁儿童，对随机选择的 390 名儿童样本进行皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。在总人群中，报告喘息的患病率为 26%，医生诊断的哮喘（DDAsthma）为 7.0%，特应性皮炎（AD）为 17%，过敏性鼻结膜炎（ARC）为 3%。在 1008 名（21%）接受过敏测试的儿童中，59%报告了阳性测试结果，但在随机选择的儿童中，只有 8%的 SPT 呈阳性。患有 AD 的儿童最常致敏，患有 ARC 的儿童最有可能患有其他过敏相关疾病（70%）。男孩比女孩更容易出现过敏相关疾病或阳性过敏测试。总之，五分之二的人有过敏相关疾病，但不到 10%的人 SPT 呈阳性。患有一种过敏疾病，特别是 ARC，大大增加了另一种过敏疾病的风险，患有 AD 与阳性过敏测试的相关性最强。此外，男孩比女孩更容易出现过敏相关疾病或阳性 SPT，这表明过敏相关疾病的自然史存在性别差异。
