Van Soom A, Wrathall A E, Herrler A, Nauwynck H J
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ugent, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2010;22(1):21-31. doi: 10.1071/RD09230.
Although the transfer of embryos is much less likely to result in disease transmission than the transport of live animals, the sanitary risks associated with embryo transfer continue to be the subject of both scientific investigations and adaptations of national and international legislation. Therefore, the implications are important for veterinary practitioners and livestock breeders. In vivo-derived and in vitro-produced embryos are widely used in cattle and embryos from other species, such as sheep, goats, pigs and horses, are also currently being transferred in fairly significant numbers. Bearing in mind the wide variety of embryos of different species and the correspondingly large number of viruses that are of concern, it is expedient at this time to look again at the importance of the zona pellucida (ZP) as a barrier against viruses and at the susceptibility or otherwise of embryonic cells to viral infection if ever they are exposed. For embryos with an intact ZP, viral infection of the embryo is unlikely to occur. However, the virus may stick to the ZP and, in this case, International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) washing procedures in combination with trypsin treatment are mandatory. A caveat is the fact that currently more and more types of embryos are becoming available for transfer and scientific data cannot be extrapolated from one species to another. These topics are discussed in the present review.
尽管与活体动物运输相比，胚胎移植导致疾病传播的可能性要小得多，但与胚胎移植相关的卫生风险仍是科学研究以及国家和国际立法调整的主题。因此，其影响对兽医从业者和家畜养殖者而言至关重要。体内来源和体外生产的胚胎在牛中被广泛使用，其他物种如绵羊、山羊、猪和马的胚胎目前也有相当数量正在被移植。鉴于不同物种胚胎种类繁多，以及相应数量众多的令人担忧的病毒，此时有必要再次审视透明带（ZP）作为病毒屏障的重要性，以及胚胎细胞在暴露时对病毒感染的易感性。对于ZP完整的胚胎，不太可能发生胚胎的病毒感染。然而，病毒可能会附着在ZP上，在这种情况下，国际胚胎移植协会（IETS）的清洗程序与胰蛋白酶处理相结合是必不可少的。需要注意的是，目前越来越多类型的胚胎可用于移植，而且科学数据不能从一个物种外推到另一个物种。本综述将讨论这些主题。
