Universidade Católica de Brasília, Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Phytochemistry. 2010 Mar;71(4):351-62. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.11.005. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
The analysis of plant proteomes has drastically expanded in the last few years. Mass spectrometry technology, stains, software and progress in bioinformatics have made identification of proteins relatively easy. The assignment of proteins to particular organelles and the development of better algorithms to predict sub-cellular localization are examples of how proteomic studies are contributing to plant biology. Protein phosphorylation and degradation are also known to occur during plant defense signaling cascades. Despite the great potential to give contributions to the study of plant-pathogen interactions, only recently has the proteomic approach begun to be applied to this field. Biological variation and complexity in a situation involving two organisms in intimate contact are intrinsic challenges in this area, however, for proteomics studies yet, there is no substitute for in planta studies with pathogens, and ways to address these problems are discussed. Protein identification depends not only on mass spectrometry, but also on the existence of complete genome sequence databases for comparison. Although the number of completely sequenced genomes is constantly growing, only four plants have their genomes completely sequenced. Additionally, there are already a number of pathosystems where both partners in the interaction have genomes fully sequenced and where functional genomics tools are available. It is thus to be expected that great progress in understanding the biology of these pathosystems will be made over the next few years. Cheaper sequencing technologies should make protein identification in non-model species easier and the bottleneck in proteomic research should shift from unambiguous protein identification to determination of protein function.
在过去的几年中，植物蛋白质组分析得到了极大的扩展。质谱技术、染色剂、软件和生物信息学的进展使得蛋白质的鉴定变得相对容易。将蛋白质分配到特定的细胞器中，以及开发更好的算法来预测亚细胞定位，这些都是蛋白质组学研究如何为植物生物学做出贡献的例子。蛋白质磷酸化和降解也已知发生在植物防御信号级联中。尽管蛋白质组学方法在植物-病原体相互作用的研究中有很大的贡献潜力，但直到最近才开始将其应用于该领域。在涉及两个密切接触的生物体的情况下，生物变异和复杂性是该领域的固有挑战，然而，对于蛋白质组学研究来说，还没有替代在病原体中进行的体内研究的方法，并且正在讨论解决这些问题的方法。蛋白质鉴定不仅取决于质谱技术，还取决于是否存在完整的基因组序列数据库进行比较。尽管完全测序的基因组数量在不断增加，但只有四种植物的基因组完全测序。此外，已经有许多植物病原体系统，其中相互作用的两个伙伴的基因组都完全测序，并且有功能基因组学工具可用。因此，可以预期，在未来几年中，这些植物病原体系统的生物学理解将取得重大进展。更便宜的测序技术应该使非模式物种中的蛋白质鉴定变得更加容易，并且蛋白质组学研究的瓶颈将从明确的蛋白质鉴定转移到确定蛋白质的功能上。
