Blumenthal J A, Emery C F, Madden D J, Coleman R E, Riddle M W, Schniebolk S, Cobb F R, Sullivan M J, Higginbotham M B
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Am J Cardiol. 1991 Mar 15;67(7):633-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90904-y.
This study reports the physiologic effects of up to 14 months of aerobic exercise in 101 older (greater than 60 years) men and women. After an extensive baseline physiologic assessment (Time 1), in which aerobic capacity and blood lipids were measured, subjects were randomized to an aerobic exercise condition (cycle ergometry, 3 times per week for 1 hour), nonaerobic yoga (2 times per week for 1 hour), or a waiting list nonexercise control group for 4 months, and then underwent a second (Time 2) assessment. At the completion of the second assessment, all remaining subjects completed 4 months of aerobic exercise and were reevaluated (Time 3). Subjects were given the option of participating in 6 additional months of supervised aerobic exercise, and all available subjects completed a fourth assessment (Time 4) 14 months after their initial baseline evaluation. Results indicated that subjects generally exhibited a 10 to 15% improvement in peak oxygen consumption after 4 months of aerobic exercise training, and a 1 to 6% improvement in aerobic power with additional aerobic exercise training. On the other hand, subjects, especially men, continued to have improvements in submaximal exercise performance (i.e., anaerobic threshold). In addition, aerobic exercise was associated with an improved lipid profile; subjects participating in aerobic exercise for up to 14 months exhibited increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Maintenance of regular aerobic exercise for an extended time interval is associated with greater cardiovascular benefits among older adults than has been reported previously.
本研究报告了101名60岁以上的老年男性和女性进行长达14个月有氧运动的生理效应。在进行了广泛的基线生理评估（时间1），测量了有氧运动能力和血脂后，受试者被随机分为有氧运动组（每周3次，每次1小时的蹬车测力法）、非有氧运动瑜伽组（每周2次，每次1小时）或等待名单非运动对照组，为期4个月，然后进行第二次（时间2）评估。在第二次评估完成时，所有剩余受试者完成4个月的有氧运动并接受重新评估（时间3）。受试者可以选择参加另外6个月的有监督的有氧运动，所有可用受试者在初始基线评估14个月后完成了第四次评估（时间4）。结果表明，经过4个月的有氧运动训练，受试者的峰值耗氧量通常提高了10%至15%，在额外的有氧运动训练后，有氧能力提高了1%至6%。另一方面，受试者，尤其是男性，在次最大运动表现（即无氧阈值）方面持续改善。此外，有氧运动与改善血脂状况有关；进行长达14个月有氧运动的受试者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高。与之前报道的相比，在较长时间内维持定期有氧运动对老年人的心血管益处更大。
