Blumenthal J A, Emery C F, Madden D J, Schniebolk S, Walsh-Riddle M, George L K, McKee D C, Higginbotham M B, Cobb F R, Coleman R E
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
J Gerontol. 1991 Nov;46(6):P352-61. doi: 10.1093/geronj/46.6.p352.
The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological, behavioral, and cognitive changes associated with up to 14 months of aerobic exercise training. For the first 4 months of the study, 101 older (greater than 60 years) men and women were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Aerobic exercise, Yoga, or a Waiting List control group. Before and following the intervention, all subjects completed a comprehensive assessment battery, including measures of mood and cognitive functioning. A semi-crossover design was employed such that, following completion of the second assessment, all subjects completed 4 months of aerobic exercise and underwent a third assessment. Subjects were given the option of participating in 6 additional months of supervised aerobic exercise (14 months total), and all subjects, regardless of their exercise status, completed a fourth assessment. Results indicated that subjects experienced a 10-15% improvement in aerobic capacity. In general, there were relatively few improvements in cognitive performance associated with aerobic exercise, although subjects who maintained their exercise participation for 14 months experienced improvements in some psychiatric symptoms. However, the healthy subjects in this study were functioning at a relatively high level to begin with, and exercise training may produce greater improvements among elderly with concomitant physical or emotional impairments.
本研究的目的是确定长达14个月的有氧运动训练所带来的心理、行为和认知变化。在研究的前4个月，101名年龄较大（60岁以上）的男性和女性被随机分配到三种情况之一：有氧运动、瑜伽或候补对照组。在干预前后，所有受试者都完成了一系列综合评估，包括情绪和认知功能测量。采用半交叉设计，即在第二次评估完成后，所有受试者都进行4个月的有氧运动并接受第三次评估。受试者可以选择参加另外6个月的有监督的有氧运动（总共14个月），并且所有受试者，无论其运动状态如何，都完成了第四次评估。结果表明，受试者的有氧能力提高了10%至15%。总体而言，与有氧运动相关的认知表现改善相对较少，尽管持续运动14个月的受试者在一些精神症状方面有所改善。然而，本研究中的健康受试者一开始功能水平就相对较高，运动训练可能会给伴有身体或情感障碍的老年人带来更大的改善。
