Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010 Mar;13(2):156-66. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328335725b.
Lipid rafts are potentially modifiable by diet, particularly (but not exclusively) by dietary fatty acids. This review examines the potential for dietary modification of raft structure and function in the immune system, brain and retinal tissue, the gut, and in cancer cells.
In-vitro and ex-vivo studies suggest that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may exert immunosuppressive and anticancer effects through changes in lipid raft organization. In addition, gangliosides and cholesterol may modulate lipid raft organization in a number of tissues, and recent work has highlighted sphingolipids in membrane microdomains as potential targets for inhibition of tumor growth. The roles of fatty acids and gangliosides, especially in relation to lipid rafts, in cognitive development, age-related cognitive decline, psychiatric disorders, and Alzheimer's disease are poorly understood and require further investigation. The roles of lipid rafts in cancer, in microbial pathogenesis, and in insulin resistance are starting to emerge, and indicate compelling evidence for the growing importance of membrane microdomains in health and disease.
In-vitro and animal studies show that n-3 PUFAs, cholesterol, and gangliosides modulate the structure and composition of lipid rafts, potentially influencing a wide range of biological processes, including immune function, neuronal signaling, cancer cell growth, entry of pathogens through the gut barrier, and insulin resistance in metabolic disorders. The physiological, clinical, and nutritional relevance of these observations remains to be determined.
脂筏可以通过饮食来改变，特别是（但不仅限于）通过饮食中的脂肪酸。本文综述了饮食改变免疫、大脑和视网膜组织、肠道和癌细胞中脂筏结构和功能的可能性。
体外和离体研究表明，膳食 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）可能通过脂筏组织的变化发挥免疫抑制和抗癌作用。此外，神经节苷脂和胆固醇可能调节许多组织中的脂筏组织，最近的工作强调了膜微区中的鞘脂作为抑制肿瘤生长的潜在靶点。脂肪酸和神经节苷脂的作用，特别是与脂筏有关的作用，在认知发育、与年龄相关的认知能力下降、精神障碍和阿尔茨海默病中的作用知之甚少，需要进一步研究。脂筏在癌症、微生物发病机制和胰岛素抵抗中的作用开始显现，这表明膜微区在健康和疾病中的重要性日益增加，这为其提供了强有力的证据。
体外和动物研究表明，n-3PUFA、胆固醇和神经节苷脂调节脂筏的结构和组成，可能影响广泛的生物学过程，包括免疫功能、神经元信号、癌细胞生长、病原体通过肠道屏障进入以及代谢紊乱中的胰岛素抵抗。这些观察结果的生理、临床和营养相关性仍有待确定。
