害羞的发展：与儿童恐惧、性别及母亲行为的关系
Development of Shyness: Relations With Children's Fearfulness, Sex, and Maternal Behavior.
作者信息
Eggum Natalie D, Eisenberg Nancy, Spinrad Tracy L, Reiser Mark, Gaertner Bridget M, Sallquist Julie, Smith Cynthia L
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
出版信息
Infancy. 2009 May 1;14(3):325-345. doi: 10.1080/15250000902839971.
The relations of childhood fearfulness (observed and adult reported) and adult-reported shyness at 18 (n = 256) and 30 (n = 230) months of age were assessed. Fear was positively related to shyness concurrently and longitudinally, but slightly more consistently at 18 months. The moderating roles of observed maternal sensitivity and children's sex in the relation between 18-month fearfulness and 30-month shyness, and between 18- and 30-month shyness, were tested. The positive relation between mother-reported fearfulness and shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers but was not significant for daughters of sensitive, average, or insensitive mothers. The positive relation between mother-reported 18- and 30-month shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers and for daughters of sensitive mothers. Moreover, when using scores of fear or shyness that were independent of each other, 18-month mother-reported fearfulness continued to interact with sex and sensitivity to predict 30-month shyness; however, the positive relation between Time 1 and Time 2 shyness was consistent across sex and levels of sensitivity.
研究评估了18个月（n = 256）和30个月（n = 230）大时儿童的恐惧（观察到的和成人报告的）与成人报告的害羞之间的关系。恐惧与害羞在同时期及纵向维度上呈正相关，但在18个月时这种相关性稍强且更稳定。研究测试了观察到的母亲敏感性和儿童性别在18个月大时的恐惧与30个月大时的害羞之间的关系，以及在18个月至30个月大时的害羞之间的调节作用。母亲报告的恐惧与害羞之间的正相关关系，在不敏感母亲的儿子中最为明显，但在敏感、中等或不敏感母亲的女儿中不显著。母亲报告的18个月至30个月大时的害羞之间的正相关关系，在不敏感母亲的儿子和敏感母亲的女儿中最为明显。此外，当使用相互独立的恐惧或害羞分数时，18个月时母亲报告的恐惧继续与性别和敏感性相互作用，以预测30个月时的害羞；然而，时间1和时间2的害羞之间的正相关关系在不同性别和敏感性水平上是一致的。
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