Lindholm Carita, Acheva Anna, Salomaa Sisko
Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), P.O. Box 14, 00881, Helsinki, Finland.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 May;49(2):133-8. doi: 10.1007/s00411-009-0259-3. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
A large number of studies have revealed that irradiated subjects produce soluble factors found in their blood plasma which, when transferred into cell cultures from non-irradiated individuals, show clastogenic (chromosome breaking) activity. Increased yields of chromatid-type aberrations have been characteristic in most of these studies. Exposed cohorts of various origins have revealed to possess this feature: from A-bomb survivors to patients treated with radiotherapy. It is apparent that the plasma factors are sustainable for long time periods. On the other hand, they seem to be produced very fast after exposure. Considerable variation in the effect has been found between individuals with similar radiation exposure. Further, the phenomenon is not restricted to irradiated populations. Clastogenic plasma has also been observed in patients with inflammatory diseases or congenital chromosome breakage syndromes as well in subjects exposed to other agents than ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberration inducing substances have been detected not only in vivo, but also in vitro. A common feature to all the conditions is that they are associated with oxidative stress. Studies on the biochemical nature of the clastogenic factor(s) have been conducted, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and lipid peroxidation products, among others, have been suggested as good candidates. The relevance of the plasma factors to health effects remains open. The aim of the paper is to give a short overview on the phenomenon of clastogenic factors--their occurrence and formation as well as possible effectors.
大量研究表明，受辐照个体的血浆中会产生一些可溶性因子，将这些因子转移到未受辐照个体的细胞培养物中时，会表现出致断裂（染色体断裂）活性。在大多数此类研究中，染色单体型畸变的发生率增加是其特征。不同来源的受辐照群体都显示出具有这一特征：从原子弹爆炸幸存者到接受放射治疗的患者。显然，血浆因子能在很长一段时间内持续存在。另一方面，它们似乎在暴露后很快就会产生。在辐射暴露相似的个体之间，已发现效应存在相当大的差异。此外，这一现象并不局限于受辐照人群。在患有炎症性疾病或先天性染色体断裂综合征的患者以及暴露于除电离辐射之外其他因素的个体中，也观察到了具有致断裂作用的血浆。不仅在体内，而且在体外都检测到了诱导染色体畸变的物质。所有这些情况的一个共同特征是它们都与氧化应激有关。已经对致断裂因子的生化性质进行了研究，其中肿瘤坏死因子α和脂质过氧化产物等被认为是很好的候选物质。血浆因子对健康影响的相关性仍不明确。本文的目的是对致断裂因子的现象——它们的出现、形成以及可能的效应物——进行简要概述。
