Emerit I, Levy A, Cernjavski L, Arutyunyan R, Oganesyan N, Pogosian A, Mejlumian H, Sarkisian T, Gulkandanian M, Quastel M
Free-Radical Research Group, CNRS, Paris, France.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1994;120(9):558-61. doi: 10.1007/BF01221035.
Clastogenic factors were first described in the plasma of people who had been accidentally or therapeutically irradiated. They were found also in A-bomb survivors, where they persisted for many years after the irradiation. The present study searched for these factors in the plasma of 32 civil workers from Armenia, who had been engaged as "liquidators" around the Chernobyl atomic power station in 1986. It also included 15 liquidators who had emigrated from the ex-Soviet Union to Israel. Reference plasma samples were obtained from 41 blood donors from the Armenian Blood Center in Yerevan. The samples were tested for their clastogenic activity in blood cultures from healthy donors. The majority of results from the liquidators exceeded those from the unexposed reference samples. The samples from the first Armenian group, with the higher average irradiation dose (0.6 +/- 0.6 Gy), were more clastogenic than those from the second group exposed to 0.2 +/- 0.2 Gy. The number of aberrations in the test cultures was 17.9 +/- 2.9% and 10.5 +/- 3.8% respectively, compared to 5.7 +/- 3.2% in the cultures exposed to the reference ultrafiltrates from Armenian blood donors. The samples from the Israeli liquidators also induced significantly increased aberration rates (14.0 +/- 3.9% aberrant cells). The clastogenic activity was regularly inhibited by superoxide dismutase, indicating that the chromosome-damaging effects of radiation-induced clastogenic factors are exerted via the intermediation of superoxide radicals, as is known for clastogenic factors of different origin.
致断裂因子最初是在意外或接受治疗性辐射的人的血浆中被发现的。在原子弹爆炸幸存者中也发现了这些因子，在辐射后它们持续存在多年。本研究在32名来自亚美尼亚的民工血浆中寻找这些因子，这些民工于1986年在切尔诺贝利核电站附近作为“清理者”工作。研究还包括15名从前苏联移民到以色列的清理者。对照血浆样本取自埃里温亚美尼亚血液中心的41名献血者。对这些样本在健康献血者的血液培养物中的致断裂活性进行了检测。清理者的大多数检测结果超过了未暴露的对照样本。亚美尼亚第一组平均辐射剂量较高（0.6±0.6 Gy），其样本比第二组平均辐射剂量为0.2±0.2 Gy的样本更具致断裂性。测试培养物中的畸变率分别为17.9±2.9%和10.5±3.8%，而暴露于亚美尼亚献血者对照超滤物的培养物中的畸变率为5.7±3.2%。来自以色列清理者的样本也显著提高了畸变率（14.0±3.9%的异常细胞）。超氧化物歧化酶可正常抑制致断裂活性，这表明辐射诱导的致断裂因子对染色体的损伤作用是通过超氧自由基介导的，不同来源的致断裂因子都是如此。
