Rossi Paola, Marzani Barbara, Giardina Silvana, Negro Massimo, Marzatico Fulvio
Department of Physiological and Pharmacological Cellular and Molecular Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy.
Curr Aging Sci. 2008 Dec;1(3):182-91. doi: 10.2174/1874609810801030182.
As we age, the aerobic and functional capacities of our major physiological systems progressively decline. In the case of the neuromuscular system, reductions in strength and mobility cause a deterioration in motor performance and in turn a greater tendency to fall (with increased risk of fractures), impaired mobility, disability and loss of independence in the elderly. Given the increase in our life expectancy and the consequent growth in the elderly population, these conditions will have an increasing impact on modern healthcare systems, and their prevention and attenuation needs to be addressed. Several intervention strategies have been used to improve motor performance among the aging. At the cellular level, aging is caused by a progressive decline in mitochondrial function that results in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the addition of a single electron to the oxygen molecule As the level of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle increases with age, the production of some antioxidant enzymes increases adaptively to compensate in part. The aging process is characterized by an imbalance between an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in the organism and the antioxidant defences as a whole. The goal of this review is to examine the results of existing studies on oxidative stress in aging human skeletal muscles, taking into account different physiological factors (sex, fiber composition, muscle type and function).
随着年龄的增长，我们主要生理系统的有氧能力和功能逐渐下降。就神经肌肉系统而言，力量和活动能力的降低会导致运动表现恶化，进而增加跌倒的倾向（骨折风险增加），老年人的活动能力受损、残疾以及失去独立性。鉴于预期寿命的增加以及随之而来的老年人口增长，这些情况将对现代医疗保健系统产生越来越大的影响，因此需要解决对其的预防和缓解问题。已经采用了几种干预策略来改善老年人的运动表现。在细胞水平上，衰老由线粒体功能的逐渐下降引起，这导致通过向氧分子添加单个电子而产生的活性氧（ROS）积累。随着骨骼肌中的氧化应激水平随年龄增长而增加，一些抗氧化酶的产生会适应性增加以部分补偿。衰老过程的特征在于生物体中活性氧产生的增加与整体抗氧化防御之间的不平衡。本综述旨在研究关于衰老人类骨骼肌氧化应激的现有研究结果，同时考虑不同的生理因素（性别、纤维组成、肌肉类型和功能）。
