Steinman Kyle J, Mostofsky Stewart H, Denckla Martha B
Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, USA.
J Child Neurol. 2010 Jan;25(1):71-81. doi: 10.1177/0883073809342591.
Apraxia traditionally refers to impaired ability to carry out skilled movements in the absence of fundamental sensorimotor, language, or general cognitive impairment sufficient to preclude them. The child neurology literature includes a much broader and varied usage of the term developmental dyspraxia. It has been used to describe a wide range of motor symptoms, including clumsiness and general coordination difficulties, in various developmental disorders (including autistic spectrum disorders, developmental language disorders, and perinatal stroke). We argue for the need to restrict use of the term developmental dyspraxia to describe impaired performance of skilled gestures, recognizing that, unlike acquired adult-onset apraxia, coexisting sensory and motor problems can also be present.
传统上，失用症是指在没有足以排除这些动作的基本感觉运动、语言或一般认知障碍的情况下，执行熟练动作的能力受损。儿童神经病学文献对术语“发育性运动障碍”有更广泛和多样的用法。它被用于描述各种发育障碍（包括自闭症谱系障碍、发育性语言障碍和围产期中风）中的一系列运动症状，包括笨拙和一般协调困难。我们主张有必要将术语“发育性运动障碍”的使用限制于描述熟练手势执行受损的情况，同时认识到，与后天成人期失用症不同，也可能存在并存的感觉和运动问题。
