Dream Nightmare Laboratory, Sacré-Coeur Hospital of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
Sleep. 2009 Dec;32(12):1629-36. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.12.1629.
Determine the prevalence and gender distributions of behaviors enacted during dreaming ("dream-enacting [DE] behaviors") in a normal population; the independence of such behaviors from other parasomnias; and the influence of different question wordings, socially desirable responding and personality on prevalence.
3-group questionnaire study.
University classrooms
Three undergraduate samples (Ns = 443, 201, 496; mean ages = 19.9 +/- 3.2 y; 20.1 +/- 3.4 y; 19.1 +/- 1.6 y).
N/A.
Subjects completed questionnaires about DE behaviors and Social Desirability. Study 1 employed a nonspecific question about the behaviors, Study 2 employed the same question with examples, and Study 3 employed 7 questions describing specific behavior subtypes (speaking, crying, smiling/laughing, fear, anger, movement, sexual arousal). Somnambulism, somniloquy, nightmares, dream recall, alexithymia, and absorption were also assessed. Factor analyses were conducted to determine relationships among DE behaviors and their independence from other parasomnias. Prevalence increased with increasing question specificity (35.9%, 76.7%, and 98.2% for the 3 samples). No gender difference obtained for the nonspecific question, but robust differences occurred for more specific questions. Females reported more speaking, crying, fear and smiling/laughing than did males; males reported more sexual arousal. When controlling other parasomnias and dream recall frequency, these differences persisted. Factor solutions revealed that DE behaviors were independent of other parasomnias and of dream recall frequency, except for an association between dream-talking and somniloquy. Sexual arousal was related only to age. Behaviors were independent of alexithymia but moderately related to absorption.
Dream-enacting behaviors are prevalent in healthy subjects and sensitive to question wording but not social desirability. Subtypes are related, differ with gender and occur independently of other parasomnias.
确定正常人群中做梦时表现出来的行为（“梦境行为”）的流行程度和性别分布；这些行为与其他睡眠障碍的独立性；以及不同的问题措辞、社会期望反应和个性对流行程度的影响。
3 组问卷调查研究。
大学教室
三个本科样本（N=443、201、496；平均年龄=19.9±3.2y；20.1±3.4y；19.1±1.6y）。
无。
受试者完成了关于梦境行为和社会期望的问卷。研究 1 使用了一个关于这些行为的非特定问题，研究 2 使用了相同的问题和例子，研究 3 使用了 7 个问题来描述特定的行为亚型（说话、哭泣、微笑/大笑、恐惧、愤怒、运动、性唤起）。梦游症、说梦话、噩梦、梦的回忆、述情障碍和吸收也进行了评估。进行了因素分析，以确定梦境行为之间的关系及其与其他睡眠障碍的独立性。随着问题特异性的增加，患病率也随之增加（3 个样本分别为 35.9%、76.7%和 98.2%）。对于非特定问题，没有发现性别差异，但对于更具体的问题则存在明显差异。女性比男性报告更多的说话、哭泣、恐惧和微笑/大笑；男性报告更多的性唤起。当控制其他睡眠障碍和梦的回忆频率时，这些差异仍然存在。因素解决方案表明，梦境行为与其他睡眠障碍和梦的回忆频率无关，除了说梦话和说梦话之间的关联。性唤起仅与年龄有关。行为与述情障碍无关，但与吸收有一定的关系。
梦境行为在健康受试者中很常见，对问题措辞敏感，但不受社会期望的影响。亚型相关，性别差异，与其他睡眠障碍无关。
