Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA,
Eur J Nutr. 2010 Sep;49(6):337-43. doi: 10.1007/s00394-009-0091-1. Epub 2010 Jan 1.
Early exposure to suboptimal nutrition during perinatal period imposes risk to metabolic disorders later in life. Fructose intake has been associated with increases in de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Excess consumption of saturated fat is associated with metabolic disorders.
Objective of this animal study was to investigate morphological, metabolic, and endocrine phenotypes of male offspring born to dams consuming diets containing either 30% fructose, 9.9% coconut fat and 0.5% cholesterol (F + SFA) or 30% glucose, and 11% corn oil (C), 1 month before conception and during gestation and nursing.
Proven male and female Sprague Dawley breeders were fed ad libitum with either F + SFA or C diet throughout the study. At weaning, five male pups from each group were sacrificed for determining morphological phenotypes. The other five male offspring from each group were rehabilitated to the C diet for an additional 12 weeks. At the age of 15 weeks, morphological phenotypes and blood biochemistries [glucose, insulin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), corticosterone, and testosterone] of male adult offspring were then assessed.
Body weight (BW) and body length of the F + SFA male adult offspring was slightly smaller than the C. The BW-adjusted epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots of the F + SFA adult offspring were significantly 18 and 44% smaller than the C, respectively. GH and IGF-1 were not different in adult offspring between groups. Fasted plasma insulin of the F + SFA adult offspring was 64% larger than the C (P <or= 0.0001) and homeostasis model assessment value was 55% larger (P = 0.004). There were negative correlations between fat depot sizes and plasma insulin in adult offspring.
Our results suggest that, through fetal programming, an early exposure to both fructose and saturated fats may cause hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity in the nonobese male rats later in life.
围产期早期接触不理想的营养会增加日后发生代谢紊乱的风险。果糖的摄入与从头脂肪生成、血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗和肥胖的增加有关。饱和脂肪摄入过多与代谢紊乱有关。
本动物研究的目的是研究妊娠和哺乳期前 1 个月摄入 30%果糖、9.9%椰子油和 0.5%胆固醇（F+SFA）或 30%葡萄糖和 11%玉米油（C）的母鼠所生雄性后代的形态、代谢和内分泌表型。
雄性和雌性 Sprague Dawley 繁殖者在整个研究过程中自由摄入 F+SFA 或 C 饮食。断奶时，每组 5 只雄性幼鼠被处死，以确定形态表型。每组的另外 5 只雄性幼鼠被恢复到 C 饮食 12 周。在 15 周龄时，评估雄性成年后代的形态表型和血液生化指标[葡萄糖、胰岛素、生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、皮质酮和睾酮]。
F+SFA 雄性成年后代的体重（BW）和体长略小于 C 组。F+SFA 成年后代 BW 调整后的附睾和腹膜后脂肪沉积分别比 C 组小 18%和 44%。成年后代组间 GH 和 IGF-1 无差异。F+SFA 成年后代空腹血浆胰岛素比 C 组大 64%（P<0.0001），稳态模型评估值大 55%（P=0.004）。成年后代脂肪沉积大小与血浆胰岛素呈负相关。
我们的研究结果表明，通过胎儿编程，早期接触果糖和饱和脂肪可能导致非肥胖雄性大鼠日后出现高胰岛素血症和胰岛素不敏感。
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