Al-Tabakha M M, Arida A I
Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008 May-Jun;70(3):278-86. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.42968.
Relatively, a large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus, out of which approximately 5-10% with type 1 diabetes while the remaining 90% with type 2. Insulin administration is essential for type 1 patients while it is required at later stage by the patients of type 2. Current insulin delivery systems are available as transdermal injections which may be considered as invasive. Several non-invasive approaches for insulin delivery are being pursued by pharmaceutical companies to reduce the pain, and hypoglycemic incidences associated with injections in order to improve patient compliance. While any new insulin delivery system requires health authorities' approval, to provide long term safety profile and insuring patients' acceptance. The inhalation delivery system Exubera((R)) has already become clinically available in the United States and Europe for patients with diabetes as non-invasive delivery system.
相对而言，世界上有很大比例的人口受到糖尿病的影响，其中约5%-10%为1型糖尿病患者，其余90%为2型糖尿病患者。胰岛素给药对于1型患者至关重要，而2型患者在后期也需要使用胰岛素。目前的胰岛素给药系统有皮下注射方式，这可被视为有创的。制药公司正在探索几种非侵入性胰岛素给药方法，以减轻与注射相关的疼痛和低血糖发生率，从而提高患者的依从性。虽然任何新的胰岛素给药系统都需要卫生当局的批准，以提供长期安全性并确保患者接受。吸入式给药系统Exubera((R))已在美国和欧洲作为非侵入性给药系统临床应用于糖尿病患者。
