Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Nov;117(11):1707-12. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0900869. Epub 2009 Jul 13.
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a high-production-volume chemical used as flame retardant in polystyrene insulation and textiles. Because it is not chemically bound to the polymer, HBCD can migrate into the environment, contaminating indoor dust and foodstuff.
We examined for the first time the relationship between combined exposure to three HBCD isomers (SigmaHBCDs) via ingestion of food (duplicate diets) and indoor dust and HBCD concentrations in serum for 16 Belgian adults (20-25 years of age). We also determined the chiral signatures of HBCDs to advance understanding of source-to-human enantioselective degradation and/or metabolism.
Concentrations and chiral signatures of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-HBCD in duplicate diets, dust, and serum were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Dietary intakes of SigmaHBCDs were 1.2-20 ng/day (average, 7.2 ng/day), whereas those estimated under average (20 mg dust/day) and high (50 mg dust/day) dust ingestion scenarios were 1.1-15 ng/day (average intake, 3.2 ng/day) and 2.8-38 ng/day (average intake, 8.0 ng/day), respectively. Concentrations of SigmaHBCDs measured in blood serum were < 0.5 to 11 ng/g lipid weight (lw) (average, 2.9 ng/g lw). Gamma-HBCD dominated in food, whereas alpha-HBCD dominated in dust and was the sole isomer in serum. Although exposure via dust ingestion correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with concentrations in serum, no such correlation was evident with dietary exposure (p > 0.1). Although no enantioselective enrichment was detected in either dust or diet, substantial enrichment of (-)alpha-HBCD was observed in serum.
Serum concentrations of HBCDs were correlated with the exposure via dust, but not via dietary ingestion. The enrichment of the (-)alpha-HBCD enantiomer in humans appears to be due to in vivo enantioselective metabolism/excretion rather than ingestion of dust or diet.
六溴环十二烷（HBCD）是一种高产量的化学物质，用作聚苯乙烯绝缘材料和纺织品的阻燃剂。由于它没有与聚合物化学键合，HBCD 可以迁移到环境中，污染室内灰尘和食物。
我们首次研究了 16 名比利时成年人（20-25 岁）通过摄入食物（重复饮食）和室内灰尘以及血清中三种 HBCD 异构体（SigmaHBCDs）的综合暴露与 HBCD 浓度之间的关系。我们还确定了 HBCDs 的手性特征，以提高对手源对映体选择性降解和/或代谢的理解。
通过液相色谱/串联质谱法测量重复饮食、灰尘和血清中 alpha-、beta-和 gamma-HBCD 的浓度和手性特征。
SigmaHBCDs 的膳食摄入量为 1.2-20 ng/天（平均 7.2 ng/天），而在平均（20 mg 灰尘/天）和高（50 mg 灰尘/天）灰尘摄入情况下的估计摄入量分别为 1.1-15 ng/天（平均摄入量为 3.2 ng/天）和 2.8-38 ng/天（平均摄入量为 8.0 ng/天）。血清中 SigmaHBCDs 的浓度为 <0.5 至 11 ng/g 脂质重量（lw）（平均 2.9 ng/g lw）。在食物中，gamma-HBCD 占主导地位，而在灰尘中，alpha-HBCD 占主导地位，并且是血清中唯一的异构体。尽管通过灰尘摄入暴露与血清浓度显著相关（p <0.01），但通过饮食暴露则没有这种相关性（p >0.1）。尽管在灰尘或饮食中均未检测到对映体选择性富集，但在血清中观察到大量的（-）alpha-HBCD 对映体富集。
血清中 HBCDs 的浓度与通过灰尘暴露有关，但与通过饮食摄入无关。（-）alpha-HBCD 对映体在人体内的富集似乎是由于体内对映体选择性代谢/排泄，而不是摄入灰尘或饮食。
