National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7940, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2009 Mar-Apr;1(2):149-55. doi: 10.1002/wnan.8.
Nanotechnology is poised to have an increasing impact on cardiovascular health in coming years. Diagnostically, multiplexed point-of-care devices will enable rapid genotyping and biomarker measurement to optimize and tailor therapies for the individual patient. Nanoparticle-based molecular imaging agents will take advantage of targeted agents to provide increased insight into disease pathways rather then simply providing structural and functional information. Drug delivery will be impacted by targeting of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs to the site of action, increasing the effective concentration and decreasing systemic dosage and side effects. Controlled and tailored release of drugs from polymers will improve control of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. The application of nanotechnology to tissue engineering will facilitate the fabrication of better tissue implants in vitro, and provide scaffolds to promote regeneration in vivo taking advantage of the body's own repair mechanisms. Medical devices will benefit from the development of nanostructured surfaces and coatings to provide better control of thrombogenicity and infection. Taken together, these new technologies have enormous potential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
纳米技术有望在未来几年内对心血管健康产生越来越大的影响。在诊断方面，多重即时检测设备将能够快速进行基因分型和生物标志物测量，从而为个体患者优化和定制治疗方案。基于纳米颗粒的分子成像剂将利用靶向剂提供对疾病途径的深入了解，而不仅仅是提供结构和功能信息。药物输送将受到纳米颗粒包裹药物靶向作用部位的影响，从而增加有效浓度，减少全身剂量和副作用。聚合物中药物的控制和定制释放将改善药物动力学和生物利用度的控制。纳米技术在组织工程中的应用将有助于在体外制造更好的组织植入物，并提供支架，利用身体自身的修复机制促进体内再生。医疗器械将受益于开发具有纳米结构的表面和涂层，以更好地控制血栓形成和感染。总之，这些新技术在改善心血管疾病的诊断和治疗方面具有巨大的潜力。
