Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Dev Psychol. 2010 Jan;46(1):165-77. doi: 10.1037/a0016692.
Little is known about when or how different disgust elicitors are acquired. In Study 1, parents of children (0-18 years old) rated how their child would react to 22 disgust elicitors. Different developmental patterns were identified for core, animal, and sociomoral elicitors, with core elicitors emerging first. In Study 2, children (2-16 years old) were exposed alone and then with their parent to a range of elicitors derived from Study 1. Self-report, behavioral, and facial expression data were obtained along with measures of contagion, conservation, and contamination. Convergent evidence supported the developmental patterns reported in Study 1. Evidence for parent-child transmission was also observed, with parents of young children emoting more disgust to their offspring and showing greater behavioral avoidance. Moreover, child reactivity to animal and sociomoral elicitors and contamination correlated with parental responsiveness. Finally, young children who failed to demonstrate contagion and conservation knowledge were as reactive to core elicitors and contamination as children of the same age who demonstrated such knowledge. These findings are interpreted within an evolutionary framework in which core disgust responses are acquired early to promote avoidance of pathogens.
关于不同的厌恶诱发因素是何时以及如何获得的，我们知之甚少。在研究 1 中，儿童（0-18 岁）的父母对他们的孩子对 22 种厌恶诱发因素的反应进行了评估。确定了核心、动物和社会道德诱发因素的不同发展模式，核心诱发因素首先出现。在研究 2 中，儿童（2-16 岁）单独暴露于一系列来自研究 1 的诱发因素中，然后与他们的父母一起暴露。获得了自我报告、行为和面部表情数据，以及传染、守恒和污染的测量。支持了研究 1 中报告的发展模式的证据是一致的。还观察到了父母与子女之间的传播证据，年幼儿童的父母对子女表现出更多的厌恶情绪，并表现出更大的行为回避。此外，儿童对动物和社会道德诱发因素和污染的反应与父母的反应能力相关。最后，未能表现出传染和守恒知识的幼儿对核心诱发因素和污染的反应与表现出这些知识的同龄儿童一样强烈。这些发现是在进化框架内解释的，在该框架中，核心厌恶反应是早期获得的，以促进对病原体的回避。
