Karle James W, Watter Scott, Shedden Judith M
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010 May;134(1):70-8. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.12.007. Epub 2010 Jan 12.
Research into the perceptual and cognitive effects of playing video games is an area of increasing interest for many investigators. Over the past decade, expert video game players (VGPs) have been shown to display superior performance compared to non-video game players (nVGPs) on a range of visuospatial and attentional tasks. A benefit of video game expertise has recently been shown for task switching, suggesting that VGPs also have superior cognitive control abilities compared to nVGPs. In two experiments, we examined which aspects of task switching performance this VGP benefit may be localized to. With minimal trial-to-trial interference from minimally overlapping task set rules, VGPs demonstrated a task switching benefit compared to nVGPs. However, this benefit disappeared when proactive interference between tasks was increased, with substantial stimulus and response overlap in task set rules. We suggest that VGPs have no generalized benefit in task switching-related cognitive control processes compared to nVGPs, with switch cost reductions due instead to a specific benefit in controlling selective attention.
对玩电子游戏的感知和认知影响的研究是许多研究者越来越感兴趣的领域。在过去十年中，与非电子游戏玩家（nVGPs）相比，专家级电子游戏玩家（VGPs）在一系列视觉空间和注意力任务上表现出更优异的成绩。最近研究表明，电子游戏专长对任务切换有益，这表明与nVGPs相比，VGPs也具有更优异的认知控制能力。在两项实验中，我们研究了这种VGP优势可能体现在任务切换表现的哪些方面。在任务集规则最小程度重叠且试验间干扰最小的情况下，与nVGPs相比，VGPs表现出任务切换优势。然而，当任务之间的前摄干扰增加，任务集规则中存在大量刺激和反应重叠时，这种优势就消失了。我们认为，与nVGPs相比，VGPs在与任务切换相关的认知控制过程中没有普遍优势，切换成本的降低是由于在控制选择性注意方面的特定优势。
