The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
Vet Parasitol. 2010 Apr 19;169(1-2):117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.005. Epub 2009 Dec 21.
Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the cystic stage of the cestode parasite Echinoccocus granulosus, in which the definitive hosts are mainly domestic dogs. This parasite is regarded mainly as a rural disease, where man is exposed through contact with eggs excreted by definitive hosts; however, some studies have shown that domestic dogs can get infected within urban areas. This study was conducted to assess differences in prevalence of E. granulosus in urban and rural sites in Coquimbo region of Chile. From 2005 to 2006 a cross-sectional household questionnaire survey was conducted in Coquimbo and Ovalle cities, in three towns and in rural sites along two transects from these cities to the Fray Jorge NP in the Coquimbo region. Faecal samples were collected from dogs during the questionnaire survey and tested for Echinococcus coproantigens. Positive dogs were found in urban areas. Analysis of risk factors indicated that dogs inhabiting the borders of urban areas were at greater risk of being coproantigen positive than those in the centre of these areas. These results are likely to be related to the custom of slaughtering livestock at home in urban areas during local celebrations, which could favour the importation of E. granulosus to urban areas by acquiring livestock contaminated with cysts from rural sites. This study shows that surveillance and control measures in livestock and domestic dogs need to be introduced in urban areas as well as rural areas of the Coquimbo region to reduce the public health risk of hydatid disease.
包虫病是一种由绦虫寄生虫细粒棘球绦虫的囊蚴阶段引起的人畜共患病，其中终宿主主要是家养狗。这种寄生虫主要被认为是一种农村疾病，人类通过接触终宿主排出的卵而暴露；然而，一些研究表明，在城市地区，家养狗也可能被感染。本研究旨在评估智利科金博地区城乡地区细粒棘球绦虫的流行率差异。2005 年至 2006 年，在科金博和奥瓦列市、三个城镇以及从这些城市到科金博地区弗雷豪尔热自然公园的两条横截线上的农村地区进行了横断面家庭问卷调查。在问卷调查期间，从狗身上采集粪便样本，并检测棘球蚴 coproantigens。在城市地区发现了阳性狗。危险因素分析表明，居住在城市边缘地区的狗比居住在这些地区中心的狗更有可能 coproantigen 阳性。这些结果可能与城市地区在当地庆祝活动期间在家中屠宰牲畜的习俗有关，这可能会通过从农村地区获得带有囊蚴的受污染牲畜，将细粒棘球绦虫引入城市地区。本研究表明，需要在科金博地区的城乡地区引入对牲畜和家养狗的监测和控制措施，以降低包虫病对公众健康的风险。
