The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin Biocentre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
Vet Parasitol. 2010 Apr 19;169(1-2):102-10. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.009. Epub 2009 Dec 21.
Cyst echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonosis in Chile, where studies have focussed mainly in moist southern regions. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in livestock and humans in the semiarid Coquimbo region in north-central Chile. A review of all surgical cases of CE in humans reported in the Elqui, Limarí and Choapa provinces in Coquimbo region for the period comprising 1995-2006 was obtained. In addition, a retrospective study of CE covering condemnation records from slaughterhouses of these provinces from the same period was carried out. The surgical incidence of CE in humans ranged between 2.3 and 8.5 cases per 10(5) people, with more cases reported in provinces with a higher percentage of rural inhabitants (Limarí and Choapa). A total of 174,034 cattle, 22,208 goats, 35,404 sheep, 25,355 swine and 9391 equines were examined during the period. Higher prevalence of CE was detected in cattle (24%), followed by swine (14%), sheep (11%), goats (6%), and equines (9%). More cases of CE in livestock were also found in provinces with higher rural population. The overall trend of the prevalence of CE for each livestock species across years was a significant downward one, except for swine in Elqui and sheep and swine in Choapa. Cattle showed higher prevalence of CE in liver in Elqui, in kidney in Limarí and in lungs in Choapa. Swine showed similar prevalence by organs in all provinces. Sheep showed higher prevalence of CE in liver in Elqui and Limarí and lower prevalence in Choapa. Goats presented higher prevalence of CE in kidney in all provinces, and equines had higher prevalence of CE in liver in the provinces where animals were slaughtered. Further studied are needed to assess whether these differences are due to different strains affecting these species or due to ecological factors. When analyzing the CE prevalence of each species within each province, a negative correlation between prevalence of CE in goats and rainfall in the Limarí province was found. This could be attributed to changes in management practices and/or ecological factors. This study shows that surveillance of CE at slaughterhouses combined with the analyses of incidence in humans can be used to detect areas with a higher risk of infection. Improvements in record-keeping of infected animals at slaughterhouses are proposed in order to trace back farms where infection was most likely acquired.
泡型包虫病（CE）是智利最重要的人畜共患病之一，该国的研究主要集中在湿润的南部地区。本研究旨在确定在智利中北部半干旱科金博地区家畜和人类的包虫病（CE）流行率。对 1995-2006 年期间报告的科金博地区埃尔基、利马里和乔阿帕省所有人类 CE 手术病例进行了回顾性研究。此外，还对同期来自这些省份的屠宰场的 CE 淘汰记录进行了回顾性研究。人类 CE 的手术发病率在每 105 人 2.3-8.5 例之间，农村居民比例较高的省份（利马里和乔阿帕）报告的病例较多。在此期间共检查了 174034 头牛、22208 只山羊、35404 只绵羊、25355 头猪和 9391 匹马。牛的 CE 感染率最高（24%），其次是猪（14%）、绵羊（11%）、山羊（6%）和马（9%）。农村人口比例较高的省份家畜的 CE 病例也较多。除了埃尔基的猪、乔阿帕的绵羊和猪以及利马里的羊之外，各年份各畜种 CE 流行率呈显著下降趋势。埃尔基的牛以肝脏感染为主，利马里的牛以肾脏感染为主，乔阿帕的牛以肺部感染为主。猪在所有省份的各器官中感染率相似。埃尔基和利马里的绵羊肝脏感染率较高，而乔阿帕的绵羊肝脏感染率较低。所有省份的山羊肾脏感染率较高，屠宰地的马肝脏感染率较高。需要进一步研究以评估这些差异是由于影响这些物种的不同菌株还是由于生态因素所致。在分析每个省的每种动物的 CE 流行率时，发现利马里省山羊的 CE 流行率与降雨量呈负相关。这可能归因于管理实践和/或生态因素的变化。本研究表明，在屠宰场进行 CE 监测并结合人类发病率分析，可以用于发现感染风险较高的地区。建议改善屠宰场受感染动物的记录保存工作，以便追溯最有可能感染的农场。
