State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
J Virol. 2010 Mar;84(6):2808-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02219-09. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
Despite the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) in Rhinolophus Chinese horseshoe bats (SARSr-Rh-BatCoV) in China, the evolutionary and possible recombination origin of SARSr-CoV remains undetermined. We carried out the first study to investigate the migration pattern and SARSr-Rh-BatCoV genome epidemiology in Chinese horseshoe bats during a 4-year period. Of 1,401 Chinese horseshoe bats from Hong Kong and Guangdong, China, that were sampled, SARSr-Rh-BatCoV was detected in alimentary specimens from 130 (9.3%) bats, with peak activity during spring. A tagging exercise of 511 bats showed migration distances from 1.86 to 17 km. Bats carrying SARSr-Rh-BatCoV appeared healthy, with viral clearance occurring between 2 weeks and 4 months. However, lower body weights were observed in bats positive for SARSr-Rh-BatCoV, but not Rh-BatCoV HKU2. Complete genome sequencing of 10 SARSr-Rh-BatCoV strains showed frequent recombination between different strains. Moreover, recombination was detected between SARSr-Rh-BatCoV Rp3 from Guangxi, China, and Rf1 from Hubei, China, in the possible generation of civet SARSr-CoV SZ3, with a breakpoint at the nsp16/spike region. Molecular clock analysis showed that SARSr-CoVs were newly emerged viruses with the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) at 1972, which diverged between civet and bat strains in 1995. The present data suggest that SARSr-Rh-BatCoV causes acute, self-limiting infection in horseshoe bats, which serve as a reservoir for recombination between strains from different geographical locations within reachable foraging range. Civet SARSr-CoV is likely a recombinant virus arising from SARSr-CoV strains closely related to SARSr-Rh-BatCoV Rp3 and Rf1. Such frequent recombination, coupled with rapid evolution especially in ORF7b/ORF8 region, in these animals may have accounted for the cross-species transmission and emergence of SARS.
尽管在中国的中华菊头蝠（Rhinolophus Chinese horseshoe bats）中发现了严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒（SARSr-CoV），但 SARSr-CoV 的进化和可能的重组起源仍未确定。我们进行了第一项研究，调查了在中国的 4 年期间，中华菊头蝠中的迁徙模式和 SARSr-Rh-BatCoV 基因组流行病学。从香港和中国广东采集的 1401 只中华菊头蝠中，在 130 只（9.3%）蝙蝠的食物样本中检测到了 SARSr-Rh-BatCoV，其活动高峰期在春季。对 511 只蝙蝠进行的标记实验显示，迁徙距离为 1.86 至 17 公里。携带 SARSr-Rh-BatCoV 的蝙蝠看起来健康，病毒清除发生在 2 周至 4 个月之间。然而，携带 SARSr-Rh-BatCoV 的蝙蝠体重较低，但 Rh-BatCoV HKU2 则不然。对 10 株 SARSr-Rh-BatCoV 进行的全基因组测序显示，不同株之间经常发生重组。此外，在中国广西的 Rp3 和中国湖北的 Rf1 之间检测到了 SARSr-Rh-BatCoV 的重组，在雪貂 SARSr-CoV SZ3 的可能产生中，断点位于 nsp16/刺突区域。分子钟分析表明，SARSr-CoVs 是新出现的病毒，其最近共同祖先（tMRCA）的时间为 1972 年，在 1995 年，在雪貂和蝙蝠株之间发生了分歧。目前的数据表明，SARSr-Rh-BatCoV 导致了马蹄蝠的急性、自限性感染，这些蝙蝠是不同地理来源的株之间发生重组的储库，这些株在可觅食的范围内可以相互接触。雪貂 SARSr-CoV 很可能是一种重组病毒，源自与 SARSr-Rh-BatCoV Rp3 和 Rf1 密切相关的 SARSr-CoV 株。这些动物中如此频繁的重组，加上特别是在 ORF7b/ORF8 区域的快速进化，可能导致了跨物种传播和 SARS 的出现。
