Pekar Jonathan E, Lytras Spyros, Ghafari Mahan, Magee Andrew F, Parker Edyth, Wang Yu, Ji Xiang, Havens Jennifer L, Katzourakis Aris, Vasylyeva Tetyana I, Suchard Marc A, Hughes Alice C, Hughes Joseph, Rambaut Andrew, Robertson David L, Dellicour Simon, Worobey Michael, Wertheim Joel O, Lemey Philippe
Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Cell. 2025 Jun 12;188(12):3167-3183.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.035. Epub 2025 May 7.
The emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 led to increased sampling of sarbecoviruses circulating in horseshoe bats. Employing phylogenetic inference while accounting for recombination of bat sarbecoviruses, we find that the closest-inferred bat virus ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 existed less than a decade prior to their emergence in humans. Phylogeographic analyses show bat sarbecoviruses traveled at rates approximating their horseshoe bat hosts and circulated in Asia for millennia. We find that the direct ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely to have reached their respective sites of emergence via dispersal in the bat reservoir alone, supporting interactions with intermediate hosts through wildlife trade playing a role in zoonotic spillover. These results can guide future sampling efforts and demonstrate that viral genomic regions extremely closely related to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were circulating in horseshoe bats, confirming their importance as the reservoir species for SARS viruses.
2002年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）的出现以及2019年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的出现，使得对在菊头蝠中传播的sarbecoviruses病毒的采样增加。在考虑蝙蝠sarbecoviruses病毒重组的情况下进行系统发育推断，我们发现SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2在推断中最接近的蝙蝠病毒祖先在它们在人类中出现之前不到十年就已存在。系统地理学分析表明，蝙蝠sarbecoviruses病毒的传播速度与其菊头蝠宿主相近，并在亚洲传播了数千年。我们发现，SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2的直接祖先不太可能仅通过在蝙蝠宿主中的传播到达它们各自的出现地点，这支持了野生动物贸易中的中间宿主相互作用在人畜共患病溢出中发挥作用。这些结果可以指导未来的采样工作，并证明与SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2极其密切相关的病毒基因组区域在菊头蝠中传播，证实了它们作为SARS病毒宿主物种的重要性。
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