CETAPS (EA 3832), University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Feb;24(2):507-16. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c06a0e.
This study analyzed the kinematics and kinetics (jumping ability) of the aerial start phase in 11 elite front crawl sprinters. The aim was to determine whether a particular start technique leads to a short 15 m start time or whether several start profiles contribute equally well. All swimmers performed 3 starts using their preferential style, which was the grab start for all, followed by a 25-m swim at maximal velocity. Countermovement jump enabled to determine vertical jumping ability. Using a video device, phase durations, angles at takeoff and entry, and hip velocity were assessed. Correlation between all variables and the 15 m start time established the common features of an effective start but also revealed great intersubject variability. Cluster analysis enabled to distinguish 4 start profiles (flat, pike, flight, and Volkov), indicating that several individual profiles lead to short 15 m start times. It could be advised to consider the intersubject variability in relation to start time before favoring unique strategy.
本研究分析了 11 名精英自由泳短跑运动员空中出发阶段的运动学和动力学（跳跃能力）。目的是确定特定的出发技术是否会导致较短的 15 米出发时间，或者是否有几种出发姿势同样有效。所有游泳运动员都使用他们偏爱的姿势进行了 3 次出发，所有运动员都采用了抓台式出发，然后以最大速度进行了 25 米的游泳。反跳可以确定垂直跳跃能力。使用视频设备评估了各阶段的持续时间、起飞和入水角度以及髋关节速度。所有变量与 15 米出发时间之间的相关性确定了有效出发的共同特征，但也揭示了受试者之间的巨大变异性。聚类分析可以区分 4 种出发姿势（平式、俯式、飞行式和沃尔科夫式），表明几种个人姿势可以导致较短的 15 米出发时间。在考虑出发时间时，建议考虑受试者之间的变异性，然后再考虑独特的策略。
