Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA.
Ethn Dis. 2009 Autumn;19(4):454-61.
To investigate the role of fatty acids (FAs) in prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Nigeria, a country in transition to westernized diet high in animal fats, and currently experiencing rising rates of prostate cancer.
Men > or =40 years were recruited from surgery/urology clinics, University of Benin Teaching Hospital and from 2 rural and 2 urban communities. Personal information, urological symptom history and anthropometrics were recorded, digital rectal examination performed, and 30 mLs of fasting blood collected for prostatic specific antigen and fatty acid (FA) analysis. Odds ratio (OR) of PCa risk was determined by unconditional logistic regression with the plasma FA 1st quartile as reference, controlling for age, education, waist-to-hip ratio, and family history.
Mean ages for 66 (22.6%) cases and 226 (77.4%) controls were 71.9+/-11.47 and 56.7+/-12.69 years, P<.001, and median (25th, 75th percentile) fasting plasma FA were 2,447 (2,087, 3,024) and 2,373 (2,014, 2,751) microg/mL, respectively. PCa risk trend was observed for total omega-6 FA, adjusted ORQ3vs.Q1 2.33 (95% CI, 0.77-7.07), P<0.05. Unadjusted ORQ4vs.Q1 for behenic and nervonic acids were 2.79 (95% CI, 1.27-6.10) and 2.40 (95% CI, 1.19-4.85), and unadjusted ORQ2vs.Q1 for erucic and arachidonic acids were 4.20 (95% CI, 1.79-9.82) and 3.81 (95% CI, 1.50-9.70) respectively. Unadjusted ORQ2vs.Q1 for omega-3 FAs eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosapentaenoic (DPA) were 0.39 (95% CI, 0.18-0.85) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.35-1.79) respectively.
In this population with high total plasma omega-3, we observed modest positive PCa risk trend with total plasma omega-6 (2.3), inverse risk reduction with EPA (0.4), and strong positive risk associations with behenic (2.8), erucic (4.2), and nervonic (2.4) acids. Total plasma omega-6 is highest in the educated high-income group. These findings should be confirmed in a larger study because of the potential serious implication of dietary transition particularly in a region designated as low-incidence for PCa.
探讨脂肪酸（FAs）在前列腺癌（PCa）风险中的作用，该研究在尼日利亚进行，该国正从以动物脂肪为主的西方饮食向高脂肪饮食转变，目前前列腺癌的发病率正在上升。
从贝宁大学教学医院的外科/泌尿科诊所以及 2 个农村社区和 2 个城市社区招募了年龄≥40 岁的男性。记录个人信息、泌尿科症状史和人体测量学数据，进行直肠指检，并采集 30 毫升空腹血样，用于前列腺特异性抗原和脂肪酸（FA）分析。用非条件 logistic 回归确定 PCa 风险的比值比（OR），以血浆 FA 的第 1 四分位数为参考，同时控制年龄、教育程度、腰臀比和家族史。
66 例（22.6%）病例和 226 例（77.4%）对照组的平均年龄分别为 71.9±11.47 岁和 56.7±12.69 岁，P<0.001，中位数（25%，75%）空腹血浆 FA 分别为 2,447（2,087, 3,024）和 2,373（2,014, 2,751）μg/mL。总 omega-6 FA 观察到 PCa 风险趋势，调整后 Q3 与 Q1 相比，OR 为 2.33（95%CI，0.77-7.07），P<0.05。未调整的 Q4 与 Q1 相比，花生四烯酸和神经酸的 OR 分别为 2.79（95%CI，1.27-6.10）和 2.40（95%CI，1.19-4.85），未调整的 Q2 与 Q1 相比，芥酸和花生四烯酸的 OR 分别为 4.20（95%CI，1.79-9.82）和 3.81（95%CI，1.50-9.70）。未调整的 Q2 与 Q1 相比，ω-3 FA 二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）的 OR 分别为 0.39（95%CI，0.18-0.85）和 0.79（95%CI，0.35-1.79）。
在这个总血浆 omega-3 水平较高的人群中，我们观察到总血浆 omega-6（2.3）与 PCa 风险呈适度正相关，EPA（0.4）降低风险，而花生四烯酸（4.2）、芥酸（4.2）和神经酸（2.4）则与 PCa 风险呈强烈正相关。总血浆 omega-6 在受教育程度高、收入高的人群中最高。由于饮食转变的潜在严重影响，特别是在被指定为 PCa 发病率低的地区，需要在更大的研究中证实这些发现。
