Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), P.O. Box 1073, Garoua, Cameroon.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2010 Dec;11(2):235-44. doi: 10.1017/S1466252309990077. Epub 2010 Jan 15.
Disease consistently features among the major constraints of livestock production in the central African region, orchestrating important economic losses. This article reviews livestock diseases of economic importance, including foot-and-mouth disease, trypanosomosis and dermatophilosis in cattle, peste des petits ruminants and gastrointestinal helminthosis in sheep and goats, and Newcastle disease in poultry. Some aspects of epidemiology such as pathogen identification, prevalence and risk factors are examined in the light of research findings in the region. Control tools such as vaccines, chemotherapeutic or prophylactic agents, and protocols developed for their efficient use are also reviewed. Constraints to the effective use of these tools have been identified as mostly due to institutional insufficiencies and measures for improvement have been proposed. These include the promotion of private professional veterinary services endowed with greater responsibility in animal health care, creation and promotion of community-based animal health care units in areas of marginal professional coverage, and adoption of a regional approach to the control of diseases of economic importance.
疾病一直是中非地区畜牧业生产的主要制约因素之一，造成了重大的经济损失。本文综述了具有经济重要性的牲畜疾病，包括口蹄疫、牛泰勒虫病和丹毒病、绵羊和山羊小反刍兽疫和胃肠道蠕虫病，以及家禽新城疫。根据该地区的研究结果，本文还检查了流行病学的一些方面，如病原体鉴定、流行率和风险因素。本文还审查了用于控制这些疾病的工具，如疫苗、化疗或预防性药物，以及为有效使用这些药物而制定的方案。有效使用这些工具的制约因素主要是由于体制上的不足，因此提出了改进措施。这些措施包括促进具有更大动物保健责任的私人专业兽医服务，在专业覆盖范围有限的地区建立和推广基于社区的动物保健单位，以及采取区域方法控制具有经济重要性的疾病。
