Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
Eur Respir J. 2010 Apr;35(4):742-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00016309. Epub 2010 Jan 14.
Controls for indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools are not usually performed throughout Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of IAQ on respiratory health of schoolchildren living in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, France and Italy. In the cross-sectional European Union-funded HESE (Health Effects of School Environment) Study, particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM(10)) and CO(2) levels in a day of normal activity (full classroom) were related to wheezing, dry cough at night and rhinitis in 654 children (10 yrs) and to acoustic rhinometry in 193 children. Schoolchildren exposed to PM(10) >50 microg x m( -3) and CO(2) >1,000 ppm (standards for good IAQ) were 78% and 66%, respectively. All disorders were more prevalent in children from poorly ventilated classrooms. Schoolchildren exposed to CO(2) levels >1,000 ppm showed a significantly higher risk for dry cough (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.65-5.44) and rhinitis (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.14-3.73). By two-level (child, classroom) hierarchical analyses, CO(2) was significantly associated with dry cough (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13 per 100 ppm increment) and rhinitis (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.11). Nasal patency was significantly lower in schoolchildren exposed to PM( 10) >50 microg x m(-3) than in those exposed to lower levels. A poor IAQ is frequent in European classrooms; it is related to respiratory disturbances and affects nasal patency.
在整个欧洲，通常不会对学校室内空气质量（IAQ）进行控制。本研究的目的是评估居住在挪威、瑞典、丹麦、法国和意大利的学童的 IAQ 对呼吸健康的影响。在由欧盟资助的 HESE（学校环境对健康的影响）研究中，在正常活动（满教室）的一天中，粒径为 50%截止值的 10 微米（PM（10））和 CO（2）水平与 654 名（10 岁）儿童的喘息、夜间干咳和鼻炎以及 193 名儿童的声鼻测量相关。暴露于 PM（10）>50 μg/m（-3）和 CO（2）>1000 ppm（良好 IAQ 标准）的学童分别为 78%和 66%。所有疾病在通风不良的教室中的儿童中更为普遍。暴露于 CO（2）水平>1000 ppm 的学童出现干咳（OR 2.99，95%CI 1.65-5.44）和鼻炎（OR 2.07，95%CI 1.14-3.73）的风险显著更高。通过两水平（儿童、教室）分层分析，CO（2）与干咳（OR 1.06，95%CI 1.00-1.13/每增加 100 ppm）和鼻炎（OR 1.06，95%CI 1.00-1.11）显著相关。与暴露于较低水平的学童相比，暴露于 PM（10）>50 μg/m（-3）的学童的鼻腔通畅性明显较低。欧洲教室中经常出现较差的 IAQ；它与呼吸障碍有关，并影响鼻腔通畅性。
